The purpose of this study was to investigate in children from ages 4 to 10 the development of logical propositions and to determine whether or not there is a developmental sequence in children's ability to supply missing elements of syllogisms. A specially designed instrument, consisting of an equal number of items with missing major premises,…

A METHOD OF TEACHING READING IN THE PRIMARY GRADES IS PRESENTED. SKILLS OF LISTENING, SPEAKING, WRITING, AND READING ARE INCLUDED. THE LANGUAGE AND THINKING OF THE INDIVIDUAL CHILD, BASED UPON HIS OWN EXPERIENCE, IS THE BASIS FOR ALL SKILL DEVELOPMENT. THE PATTERN OF INSTRUCTION COMPRISES THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE, ALTHOUGH STRICT ADHERENCE TO THIS…

IF COMPUTER PROGRAMS ARE TO SERVE AS USEFUL MODELS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR, THEIR CREATORS MUST FACE THE NEED TO ESTABLISH AN INTERNAL ORGANIZATION FOR THEIR MODEL WHICH IMPLEMENTS THE HIGHER LEVEL COGNITIVE BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HUMAN CAPACITY FOR SELF-DIRECTION, AUTOCRITICISM, AND ADAPTATION. PRESENT COMPUTER MODELS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR…

EFFECTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO DIRECT-DETAILED AND DIRECT DISCOVERY METHODS OF ORGANIZING AND PRESENTING TAPED (AURAL) INSTRUCTION WERE COMPARED. INITIAL LEARNING, RETENTION, AND TRANSFER OF TRAINING WERE MEASURED. DIRECTED DISCOVERY, DIRECT-DETAILED METHODS, AND A SINGLE CONTROL WERE THE INDEPENDENT TREATMENT VARIABLES. HIGH, AVERAGE, AND LOW ABILITY…

THIS STUDY AIMED AT--(1) CHARACTERIZING PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCESSES OF DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS AND (2) DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON THE SUBJECTS' APPROACHES TO THEIR PROBLEM-SOLVING PERFORMANCE. THE DESIGN INCLUDED 50 NINTH-GRADE STUDENTS AND 50 COLLEGE FRESHMEN DIVIDED INTO EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUPS IN WHICH SUBJECTS WERE MATCHED ON…

Multidimensional scaling based on similarity ratings was compared with the semantic differential technique (SDT) in a follow-up study. Previous studies had indicated a fairly close agreement between the results of the SDT and multidimensional scaling which the present study partly corroborated in one experiment for color slides of urban/suburban…

The impact of age effects on nonverbal memory for auditory or tactual patterns has been largely neglected in research studies. The effects of age on nonverbal memory were investigated by comparing subjects (N=120), divided by age decades into six groups (N=20), through tests using visual, auditory, and tactual items which were resistant to verbal…

Research on the use of eye movement indices (such as number of fixations, the average fixation duration, and saccadic movements) as a measure of cognitive processing is reviewed in this paper. Information is provided on the physiology of the eye, computer applications to eye movement study, the influence of stimulus materials and intelligence on…

Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) is a theory that predicts how units of information should be distributed in a sentence and how sentences should be related in a discourse. A binary topic-comment structure is assigned to each FSP sentence. For most English sentences, the topic is associated with the subject or the left-most noun phrase, and…

This monograph focuses on educational research on the processes and natures of problem-solving activities in mathematics. The first chapter presents an overview to both the field and the document itself. All of the studies reported reflect interrelated investigations carried out at the University of Madison-Wisconsin, as partial fulfillments of…

Previous research on the nature of aptitude processes had ignored the important differences between speed and level of performance. However, investigations of the relationship between individual differences in speed and level suggest that speed of solving simple spatial tasks is largely independent of level attained on more complex spatial tasks.…

Recent studies have shown perceptual instability to be related to visual creativity as reflected in career choice. In general, those who display greater perceptual instability perceive themselves to be more creative and tend to choose careers related to visual creativity, regardless of their gender. To test the hypothesis that field independents…

An exploratory study was undertaken to provide a means of quantifying some of the components of the problem solving process. The focus was on actual problem solving behaviors and strategies as they occurred in relation to different cognitive tasks and subject characteristics. Cognitive tasks included items from Wechsler and Binet intelligence…

Several categories of the affective domain are important to the schooling process. Schools are delegated the responsibility of helping students to clarify their esthetic, instrumental, and moral values. Three areas of affect are related to student achievement: subject-related affect, school-related affect, and academic self concept. In addition,…

Intelligence can be best understood through the study of nonentrenched, i.e., novel, kinds of tasks. Such tasks require subjects to use concepts or form strategies that differ in kind from those to which they are accustomed. The only partial success of the cognitive-correlates and cognitive-components approaches to intelligence that are in…