Number of stimulus items presented together (one, three or five) and instructions to organize were studied in a multitrial free recall experiment with 83 educable retarded adolescents. Results of individual sessions in which Ss were asked to recall 15 common words indicated that presentation of three stimuli together produced the highest…

The purpose of this first phase of a 3-phase study was to obtain information to use as a base in developing a workable language arts curriculum. Part A of this report dealt with the techniques and results of in-depth interviews of 9 native families in Canada. Each family engaged in a sorting process to determine categories which were of immediate…

This study investigated children's developmental differences in adopting a clustering strategy while studying items for later recall. The central focus was on developmental differences in the efficient use of study strategies, rather than clustering in recall per se. Twenty-four third- and fifth-graders and 12 college students were given a series…

This paper analyzes a typical school spelling task in terms of an information processing model of spelling performance. Based on principles embodied in a computer simulation program previously reported (SPEL by Simon and Simon) the model proposed here has been expanded to try to account for many more kinds of student error than were possible with…

This summary of a program of research in children's learning describes the effects of pictures and visual imagery on children's cognitive performance. The role of individual differences is highlighted throughout the paper, as are variables which potentially limit the effects discussed. Some of the conclusions were that in a large number of…

The verbal interactions of eight mother-child pairs (four Hebrew-speaking mothers and four English-speaking mothers with their 24-month-old language learning children) were recorded and analyzed to determine the frequency of occurrence of various interrogative forms in the mothers' language. Results indicated that English-speaking mothers produced…

The purpose of this study was to determine whether familiarity was a significant factor in increased cognitive synthesis scores and to conduct a comparison of the training methods employed on the basis of the test score patterns. Previous studies had revealed that symbolic representation was important, but they had not clarified the ways in which…

This paper presents a discussion of the Piagetian theory of knowledge development in relation to early childhood education. It is suggested that Piaget's research has often been used by education to determine the sequence in which concepts should be presented to children rather than to determine the nature of the classroom experience children…

This study investigates children's semantic integration of sentence information as a function of instructions (form or substance), test sentence form (verbatim or paraphrased from acquisition story sentences), and story content (spatial or general relationships). After 144 fifth-grade children were presented with twelve short acquisition stories,…

Recent surveys of creativity research have stressed the wide variety of criteria employed by investigators and have pointed out the theoretical and philosophical differences among investigators. Few surveys, however, have questioned whether investigators intended the same, or different, definitions for creativity. Although as many as 26 distinct…

Parents differing along a concreteness-abstractness dimension of conceptual development, as defined by the model of Harvey, Hunt, and Schroder, described their attitudes and practices regarding their children's home play environment. This was done using structured questionnaires. Potential creativity of the 3- and 4-year-old children themselves…

To provide empirical data from which inferences could be made about the definition of critical reading and also the relationship between critical reading and critical thinking were the main objectives of this study. The Reading Comprehension Test; the Test of Critical Thinking, Form G; the Nelson-Denny Reading Test, Form A; and the Lorge-Thorndike…

Psychometric characteristics and factor structure of the Reading Comprehension Test (CR) and the Test of Critical Thinking, Form G (CT) were studied in an effort to determine basic dimensions of critical reading and critical thinking and to discover the relationship between these two. The two tests were administered to 57 Florida high-school…

A study was conducted to determine the teaching behaviors student teachers exhibited and through analysis and synthesis of the data to identify differences and determine relationships within and among behaviors. During the latter half of his student teaching, each subject (40 secondary and 22 elementary student teachers) was observed for a…

This paper presents the theoretical changes that have developed in Conceptual Dependency Theory and their ramifications in computer analysis of natural language. The major items of concern are: the elimination of reliance on "grammar rules" for parsing with the emphasis given to conceptual rule based parsing; the development of a…