Explores the relative contributions of global vocabulary and specific attribute knowledge to the metaphorical comprehension of fluent and less fluent adult users of English. Results indicate that, for both groups, specific attribute knowledge was a better predictor of metaphorical interpretation than global vocabulary knowledge. (Author/CB)

This study examined whether the item response curves from a two-parameter model reflected characteristics of the mathematics items, each of which required unique cognitive tasks. A computer program performed error analysis of test performance. Cognitive subtasks appeared to influence the slopes and difficulties of item response curves. (GDC)

Teaching sequences designed to develop strategies for comparing numerals in grade two (in France) were analyzed. Children's strategies were noted, and an experiment confirmed underlying misconceptions concerning number. (MNS)

Three models are compared in terms of detail, scope, attention to individual differences, and how they deal with qualitative change and semantic processing. Two are information-processing models of arithmetical word problem-solving performance, and the third is a model of children's counting types and thinking strategies. (MNS)

Discusses what learning conditions promote memory stamina. Reviews study findings which suggested that spacing of practice during rote learning of a foreign language vocabulary can produce lasting memories. (ML)

Employed a cross-sectional comparison of 187 mid-level professional managers to assess the relationship of several work-related variables and perceived intellectual aging. Results supported the hypothesis that older managers would report more intellectual processing decline than younger managers, but that both young and old managers would see…

The paper discusses the implications for research and education of learning disabled students of three models of learning disabilities. The models focus on either: (1) child-centered process problems (attentional deficits), (2) nonspecific performance problems (metacognitive problems), and (3) the interaction between child-centered variables and…

Discussing advanced level economics in England's secondary schools, Lines examines (1) underlying educational theory; (2) instruction guided by norm-referenced external examinations; and (3) the historical progress of those examinations. Referring to developmental psychology, he questions whether students are ready for the concepts taught, and…

A five-point analysis of lecture notes and a postlecture recognition test were used to determine the effectiveness of notetaking of sixty-six native and sixty-three nonnative speakers of English who took notes on a videotaped presentation. Those students able to condense lecture material into propositional information units performed best on the…

Presented is a theory of how competence with written mathematical symbols develops, tracing a succession of cognitive processes that cumulate to yield competence. Arguments supporting the theory are drawn from the history, philosophy, and psychology of mathematics. (MNS)

Ten experiments examined the effect on the performance of 265 nursery schoolers through first graders using collection versus class terms to describe sets of familiar objects. No facilitative effect of collection terms occurred on number tasks; in a class-inclusion task, performance was better with collection than class terms. (SLD)

A survey of Black students at Georgia State University found that first-year students tended to rate themselves as rigid thinkers and the second-year students did not, suggesting that students perceiving themselves as poor thinkers can become flexible thinkers with appropriate advising, counseling, and teaching activities. (MSE)

A small-scale study of the cultural discourse of foreign language texts indicated that the two main practices of current texts, introductory dialog and cultural immersion, could delay or even prevent the development of appropriate cultural schemata. (CB)

The effect of manipulation of the perceptual field factors on undergraduate student performance in proportional reasoning tasks was investigated. Evidence was found to support the hypothesis that the manipulation of the perceptual field factor can affect student performance. Reports data correlated with the Group Embedded-Figures Test. (CW)

Conducted 3-year evaluation of Nebraska students (N=130) to gauge long-term influence of initial preventive alcohol education intervention developed around inoculation model. Results suggest that after 3 years, frequency of risky alcohol-related behavior between experimental and control students was not significantly different. Assessment of…