Presents a bibliography of 405 doctoral dissertations dealing with the biological, behavioral, and social aspects of aging; health, health services, and education. (JAC)

Concludes that, although first-grade students generate more haphazard responses on standardized reading tests than do older students, they nevertheless do apply similar reasoning strategies to vocabulary and comprehension items. (FL)

Examines the connections between children's writing and their earlier developed form of graphic symbolism--drawing--and explores research on early writing development. Considers the range of contexts for drawing and writing presented in the classroom. (HTH)

Argues that due to unfamiliarity with certain English sounds, Spanish-speaking children may be hampered in learning initial decoding skills necessary for developing fluent reading. Concludes that a brief ear-training program for the development of overall auditory discrimination can be beneficial to such children. (FL)

The utility of a model of cognition for developing the coding strategies of mentally retarded persons was assessed with 20 moderately and severely retarded residents (mean age 15 years) of an institution. Correlational analyses confirmed the sequential processing nature of the training tasks, and the relationship between coding and language tests.…

Explored (1) the cognitive responses elementary-school students made to teaching events and (2) the cognitive processes their teachers intended them to use in typical classroom lessons. (MP)

Several experiments with 8- to 9-year-old children are reported to demonstrate that "decalage" observed between success in problems of conservation of weight, volume, and density is due to the different task situation as presented by Piaget and Inhelder. (Author)

The Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study, using a behavioral approach, sought to identify classroom conditions and activities that foster student learning. A study that focuses on both affective and cognitive variables of the teaching-learning process is also needed. (CJ)

Two statistical indices of distinctness (intensity) were developed to measure patterns of cognitive preference scores. Results indicated a variety of cognitive preferences, and the distinctness variable was shown to be a useful tool in cognitive preference research. (CJ)

A review of recent curricular research presents studies in the areas of: (1) psychological and epistemological foundations; (2) new developments (content of instruction, cognitive processing, and methodological re-direction); and (3) exemplary research programs on teacher behavior, pupils' prior conceptions in learning, and probelm solving. (CJ)

The effectiveness of the Multisensory Basic Fact Program to teach addition facts to 115 remedial groups in grades two through six in Australian schools was studied. Performance increased between pre- and posttests and was maintained on the retention test. (MNS)

Children from four to eight years of age were asked to construct a three-dimensional toy under one of three conditions: 40 children viewed a filmed demonstration of the procedure, 40 children were provided with a series of photographs depicting critical stages in the construction, and a third group of 30 students acted as controls. (Author/RH)

Psychological equilibration (internal mental process by which individuals develop intellectually) is discussed in terms of its origin in the biological theory of evolution and in the thinking of Jean Piaget. The importance of equilibration theory for biology instruction is then considered. (Author/JN)

Two selection and nine evaluation hypothesis testing tasks varying systematically with respect to causality, response alternatives, and context continuity were administered to two samples of adults (N=35; N=32). It was to determine effects of these variables and the degree to which subjects reasoned with material conditional, biconditional,…

Argues that the paragraph represents a semantic unit, not just a grammatical convention. Presents original research to establish the types and frequencies of certain paragraph formats found in expository material. Discusses the most appropriate time for teaching students the ideational relationships within paragraphs. (FL)