This paper reports on research analyzing the psychological dynamics behind school administrators' personnel decisions. As individuals become more aware of their own psychological constructs and those of others, the total number of constructs employed tends to increase and to be organized in a more complex, integrated manner. (PP)

When 1,201 males and 1,145 females responded to a range of spatial questions, males significantly outperformed females on 25 of 72 occasions. On no occasion did females significantly outperform males. Wattanawaha's system for classifying spatial tasks was used to identify qualitative differences in performances of males and females. (Author/CM)

Discusses nontext knowledge necessary for reading comprehension. Examines the composition of children's real world knowledge for ordinary situations. (FL)

A study of student teachers' perceptions of preschool children at play shows that teachers see the play situation in four ways and in this developmental order: fragmentary (details without coherence), partialistic (focusing on one part of the whole scene), chronological (events ordered temporally), and abstracting (the scene illustrating a…

The early influences on and development of Jean Piaget's thinking from which crystallized the ideas forming the foundation of his subsequent work are discussed. The influences noted are personal, intellectual, and professional. (MSE)

Discusses origins and nature of science anxiety and describes the Science Anxiety Clinic, outlining techniques used at the clinic. Techniques include science skills training and psychological interventions. Comments on the connection between science anxiety and cognitive processes in science learning. (Author/JN)

Short-term recall of printed English words by deaf signers of American Sign Language was found to be less than that of hearing subjects when ordered recall, but not when free recall, was required. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that a speech-based code facilitates retention of order information. (Author/RD)

The phenomenon of more interference with reading than with listening was replicated using speech-related and nonspeech-related distractor tasks. It is argued that the selective interference effect is due to the relative difficulty of reading over listening rather than to the importance of speech recoding in reading. (Author/RD)

Describes an informal project that rescued the 1926 Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) from oblivion and administered it to a group of college students in 1980-81. Suggests the usefulness for this SAT as a prediction instrument today because of its excellent reliability and interest correlation. (PAS)

Outlines a program of vocabulary development that contains cognitive, affective, and physical elements. Points to test results showing that the program has been effective with fourth grade students. (FL)

Indicates that including philosophical skills in the reading program of fifth-grade students led to improved reading comprehension achievement for both above and below average readers. (FL)

Twenty-four college seniors summarized a 167-word text. Five days later, they completed a sentence-recognition task and described components of successful text summarization. It appeared that students who summarized efficiently also stored information in memory efficiently. (Author/CJ)

Administered a complex reaction time task to 47 learning-disabled and 41 control children. The preparatory interval between a warning and act light was manipulated for length and regularity. Results indicated that the inability to sustain attention over time, rather than momentary inattentiveness, distinguished the two groups. (Author)

Tested the theoretical basis for using attributional interpretations by giving individuals who had received a negative social evaluation no information or information that stressed internal/controllable, internal/uncontrollable, external/controllable, and external/uncontrollable causes. Results indicated stressing internal/controllable causes…

Provides a general overview of the central issues involved in the study of children's attention to television. Concludes that three factors may have a significant impact on a child's pattern of attention: television stimulus attributes, the child's level of cognitive development, and the nature of the viewing environment. (PD)