Computer-assisted learning platforms (CALPS) increasingly include gamified elements to improve student outcomes by enhancing their engagement with content. Although evidence exists that gamified programs increase engagement and learning outcomes, there is little causal research on what programmatic mechanisms drive the effect between engagement…

In this paper, learning is conceptualized as a process of routinization of learners' actions. We begin by operationalizing the keyword "routine." Two categorizations of routines are then offered. First, we distinguish between "practical" and "discursive" routines, discuss the process of their historical…

Background: Early childhood leadership leads to positive outcomes for young children, including social competence. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the leadership behavior exhibited by three preschool aged children and to determine if teacher prompting could increase the frequency of leadership behaviors exhibited by…

This study examines the causal impact of grade retention on high school attainment outcomes. We use administrative data on New York City public school students and a regression discontinuity design based on test score cutoffs used to determine retention eligibility. For students scoring at the test score cutoff, grade retention reduces average…

To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several reliable predictors of truth judgments--such as source credibility, repeated information exposure, and presentation format--little is known about…

Individuals with ASD have increased rates of depression compared to the general population. Repetitive cognition is a core feature of ASD; in typically developing adults, repetitive cognition has been associated with attentional biases to negative emotional material and increased prospective depression risk. We compared adults with ASD to…

We compared scanpath similarity in response to repeated presentations of social and nonsocial images representing natural scenes in a sample of 30 participants with autism spectrum disorder and 32 matched typically developing individuals. We used scanpath similarity (calculated using ScanMatch) as a novel measure of attentional bias or preference,…

Following a high-quality early care and pre-K experience, the kindergarten-through-third-grade years set the foundation upon which future learning builds; and strengthening this continuum creates opportunities for later success. Key components of a quality experience in K-3 include school readiness and transitions, kindergarten requirements,…

Instrumentation plays a vital role in almost every area of chemistry. As such, it is imperative that the undergraduate curriculum is designed to allow students to have opportunities to use a variety of instruments to best prepare them for careers in chemistry. Previous work has provided evidence of the types of instruments students use in…

Research on parent-child shared book reading (SBR) has focused primarily on a single reading of a book and on the reading of the text itself. Yet parents often repeatedly read the same book to their child and continue to converse after the book is finished. Using Bruner's dual-landscape model as a theoretical basis, this study explored the…

Previous studies on the impact of grade retention on academic self-concept suffer from inconclusive findings. There is no consensus if retention yields long-term benefits that could offset its opportunity costs and, if so, under what conditions. Therefore, this article examines whether grade retention decreases academic self-concept and whether…

The relationship between research and practice in K-12 is complicated and fraught. Research publications are unlikely to become more "user-friendly," and teachers are unlikely to change their practice quickly or more willingly -- nor should they. Recognize that reality, Isobel Stevenson and Richard Lemons explain that schools need to…

This study investigated the relative effects of four forms of task preparation on L2 speech production. One hundred forty-four Japanese speakers of English completed an oral opinion task after 10 minutes of preparation. The same task repetition condition involved four iterations of the same pedagogic task (same procedures, same content), the…

Teachers often deliver the same lesson multiple times in one day. In contrast to year-to-year teaching experience, it is unclear how this teaching repetition affects student outcomes. We examine the effects of teaching repetition in a higher education setting where students are randomly assigned to a university instructor's first, second, third,…

Purpose: This study investigated phonological and speech motor neural networks in children with residual speech sound disorder (RSSD) during an overt Syllable Repetition Task (SRT). Method: Sixteen children with RSSD with /[voiced alveolar approximant]/ errors (6F [female]; ages 8;0-12;6 [years;months]) and 16 children with typically developing…