Explores social constructionism as an alternative to cognitive therapy, which assigns causative primacy for psychological problems to the cognitive process of the individual knower. Social constructionism underscores the inextricable connection between the personal and the social, challenging the merit of decontextualized accounts of psychological…

Comparison of 30 children having reading disabilities and average to above-average nonverbal IQ with control children revealed that the average-IQ children with reading disabilities differed from chronological controls, but not reading age controls, mainly in the area of successive processing. Results support the critical role of successive…

Investigated the source of agrammatic aphasic patients' difficulty comprehending semantically reversible sentences. Found approximately equal distributions of three distinct patterns. Results conflict with explanations of comprehension failure which state that a single pattern of performance on sentence structures characterizes comprehension of…

The Cognition Rating Form (CRF), a scoring measure for the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank, was evaluated with 56 adolescent psychiatric patients and 102 high school controls. Concurrent validities and sensitivity rates indicated that the CRF shows promise as a thought sampling scoring measure. (SLD)

This article presents data showing that two of the four forms of neuroplasticity, homologous area adaptation and map extension, are relevant to recovery from aphasia. It discusses factors related to neuroplastic activity during language recovery, including neurophysiological, subject, and environmental treatment variables. (Contains references.)…

Considers how textual and digital visual worlds come together to create new ways of thinking about text and the nature of representation. Compares the graphic space of the printed page and the digital space of screen displays. Argues that each of these two mediums supports a distinctive yet vital way of thinking and that neither can be dispensed…

Examines U.S. and Chinese 6th grade students' mathematical thinking and reasoning involved in solving six process-constrained and six process-open problems. Concludes that the Chinese sample had a significantly higher mean score than the U.S. sample on the process-constrained tasks, but the sample of U.S. students had a significantly higher mean…

Illustrates computer-based classroom demonstrations in perception and cognition that require no computer programming and can be delivered with standard lecture presentation software. Examples include apparent motion, anorthoscopic perception, illusory conjunctions, and the capacity of early visual memory. (CMK)

A study examined whether exemplar-specific or prototype representations were primarily used by 28 children (ages 10-12) with mild mental retardation in a categorization task consisting of two groups of make-believe animals whose features were ill-defined. Results indicated the children were able to acquire and use both types of representations.…

Explains tendencies and difficulties experienced by students aged 14 through 17 years during an activity involving measurement in physics. Surveys these tendencies and difficulties through clinical interviews involving data collection, data processing, and data interpretation. Contains 17 references. (DDR)

Presents a socio-cognitive perspective in relation to information science and information retrieval. Topics include differences between traditional cognitive views and socio-cognitive views; a comparison of behaviorism, cognitivism, psychoanalysis, and neuroscience as approaches in psychology; information needs; relevance criteria; and…

Reports on the design and study of a new computerized environment enabling a variety of metacognitive supports in different phases of the problem-solving process and designed to influence students' metacognition during word problem-solving. Results indicate that learning environments that provide metacognitive support during the solution process…

Describes the provenance of the data used in this issue. Includes design of the instructional sequence, instructional activities, classroom structure, and classroom episodes. (Author/MM)

Describes Piaget's ideas about peer relationships, providing a framework for evaluating peer learning based on Piaget's theory. Two goals of peer learning are examined, noting that teachers must consider the socio-moral context in which peer learning occurs and the impact of peer learning on students' feelings about schoolwork and peers. Peer…

This article reviews some current principles of brain research, including the idea that intelligence and its nurture is no longer restricted to the linear, rational cognitive function, but includes the integration of the cognitive (linear and spatial), emotional-social, physical, and intuitive. The principles of teaching and learning supported by…