Questions drawn from Britain's Open University's examinations illustrate the cognitive processes fundamental to making meaning from information, an important objective of education. It is concluded that education must encourage and assist students in drawing generalizations, distinguishing the particular from the general, and understanding the…

This paper focuses on the structured learning approach to psychological skill training with aggressive adolescents, examining 30 evaluation-oriented studies of skills training with such youth. Emphasized are relevant experimental designs, prescriptive utilization of skills training, means for enhancing trainee motivation, transfer and maintenance,…

Two experiments were conducted on the influence of language mode (print or sign) and syntax (English or American Sign Language) on recall, preference, and comprehension. Prelingual deaf individuals' visual orientation produced a sign-based encoding system that responded to American Sign Language as a familiar language. (Author/BS)

Based on data from four experiments reported here, schema theoretic interpretations of recognition memory measures are inconsistent with an interpretation jointly derived from the theory of signal detection and Mandler's subjective familiarity theory of recognition memory. (Author/BW)

Describes how a teacher can model the inference process to help students learn to make inferences. (HOD)

Reveals correspondences between the reading deficits of adult patients with neurological damage and normal children with reading disorders. (FL)

Concludes that carefully delineated instruction in summarization skills positively influenced students' use of summarization rules and the quality of their summarization products. (FL)

Presents six diagrams that describe what happens when a text is read. (HOD)

Examines recent research that uses protocol analysis to determine the cognitive processes used by writers in planning their work. (FL)

Presents five preliminary conclusions about notetaking practices based on findings in the literature. Each conclusion is followed by a discussion of its implications for classroom instruction, and links between various lecturer and student behaviors and the external events of instruction are proposed. (Author/MBR)

Concludes, among other things, that fluent oral reading is an important step toward reading for meaning and independent silent reading and that silent reading should be encouraged from the beginning of reading instruction. (FL)

Short and long term strategies for implementing critical thinking skills into school programs are discussed. The short term strategy is to teach analytic skills within established subject areas, while the long term strategy involves recognizing and overcoming the unconscious obstacles to development of sound critical and dialectical thinking. (TE)

Compares performance of 172 children aged 7 to 13 years on tasks involving visual or auditory presentation of rhyming and nonrhyming letters and an oral or written response. Results indicate insensitivity to phonological similarity for young children with disabilities; sensitivity improves with age, but deficits in short-term memory remain at…

Explored the influence of hemispheric specialization on cognitive processes in a sample of 119 Israeli economics students and 65 creative arts students who took a test battery designed to assess hemispheric dominance. Significant differences between the groups were found, suggesting implications for matching individual abilities with job demands.…

Concludes that training in a natural instructional setting can improve poor readers' ability to use top-level structure in signaled and nonsignaled passages. (FL)