Gender schema theory proposes that sex typing derives from gender-based schematic processing, particularly from the self-concept itself being assimilated to the gender schema. In two studies sex-typed individuals were found to have a greater readiness to process information (including information about the self) in terms of the gender schema.…

Three research questions are explored relating the psychological phenomenon of premature closure to (1) age, (2) Piagetian developmental level, and (3) ability to generate hypothetico-deductive strategies. Children (N=141) in grades 1-6 were interviewed and administered light-and-button tasks to describe these relationships. (CS)

Reviews findings of recent television research and discusses two dominant issues: the nature and determinants of children's attention to television, and the amount and kind of content retained by different age groups. It is recommended that research on media effects incorporate age-related and individual difference factors. Nineteen references are…

Investigates the potential of a keyword method extension to determine if it can be effectively combined with other mnemonic strategies that are designed to facilitate coding of numerically ordered information. Twenty references are listed. (MER)

Analyzed the Weigl-Goldstein-Scheerer Color-Form Test using a sample of Danish children. Distinguished three dimensions: configuration of sorting, verbalization of the sorting principle, and the flexibility of switching sorting principle. The three dimensions proved themselves to constitute the a-priori-defined gradients. Results indicated a…

Examined the relationship between spouses' (N=58) attributional styles for marital problems and their negative social reinforcement in a laboratory interaction procedure. Results indicated wives who attributed other couples' marital problems to undesirable personality traits or negative attitudes were more likely to verbally criticize their…

Describes a specific fantasy technique. In several client examples, speculates on the technique's effectiveness and suggests that techniques such as the Fantasy Door Approach serve as correcting and connecting bridges between right and left hemisphere brain functioning. (Author)

This study designed to use Piagetian logical operations and open-ended, clinical interviews to collect data amenable to a developmental analysis of children's levels of understanding of specific science topics: gravity, energy, and magnetism. Results indicated a correspondence between a child's overall cognitive development and the specific…

Pupils from grades eight and nine were given problems, mostly referring to the idea of infinity. Scales measuring the level of confidence and degree of obviousness of answers were developed. (MP)

Spatial and temporal matching abilities of normal and disabled readers were investigated. Average and dyseidetic readers were better able than dysphonetic and alexic readers to match purely temporal information. Dysphonetic and alexic readers demonstrated greater difficulty with temporal rather than spatial information. The existence of memory and…

Compares the dependence of Hebrew-reading children and adults on graphemes and their translation to phonemes while reading. Concludes that when written Hebrew words are being named by both children and adults, their graphemes are phonemically recorded, with the effect being more pronounced in children. (AEA)

A critique by Carroll of a study by Jarman and Das (EJ 171 820) is refuted in terms of the methodology and theory of the Jarman and Das study. Additionally, two general issues concerned with individual differences in cognitive processes and strategic behavior are elaborated beyond Carroll's discussion. (Author/CP)

The hierarchical structure of the formal operational period of Piaget's theory of cognitive development was explored through the application of ordering theoretical methods to a set of data that systematically utilized the various formal operational schemes. Results suggested a common structure underlying task performance. (Author/BH)

Reviews research on the storage and retrieval processes of memory and describes an information processing learning theory capable of interpreting the findings. Prescriptive aspects of the theory are applied to the problem of designing textual materials to enhance learning and retention, and a framework to stimulate future research is provided.…

Argues that visual literacy should be studied through a cognitive approach, and describes principles of punctuating and structuring that can be used to develop a new standard of experimental validity. Triadic interaction theory and the role of strategies in research are discussed, as well as a new orientation to research. (BK)