This is the author's personal document in which he tries to simply see what learning is about. He draws heavily on Fritz Heider for his phenomenological analysis, by which he means an analysis of learning based solidly and integrally on what can be simply seen by all men. The paper distinguishes a learning process found in the developing child,…

The reports of eight studies testing the effects of elaboration on the learning of children are compiled in this document. Mental elaboration is "thinking while learning" which occurs as the learner actively adds context to the material he is asked to process. Supplied elaboration, included in these studies, occurs when the learner is provided…

The readings compiled for this collection require that the reader have an acquaintance with the basic ideas in the field of educational psychology and a desire to read further and make direct contact with some original sources. The main selection criterion of the papers that are included was their coverage of classroom learning with particular…

By relating research on cognition, child development, and teaching, the author describes the theoretical background of the language experience approach to teaching reading. The close relationship between spoken language and reading and writing skills is discussed. The author lists and describes specific practices for teaching and learning in a…

Students in grades 1-4 who had used the "Science--A Process Approach" were tested by individually administering the tasks of the "Science Process Instrument." Tasks to assess the level of the same skills in social studies, fine arts, and language arts were then administered. Data analysis showed that there was a similar…

Student control of computer-assisted instruction has a number of pragmatic advantages due to difficulties in providing a general program which is truly individualized. The attempt here has been to define and describe the commands which could be modified to provide learner control in any computer-assisted instruction course. Some of the commands…

This study of the human power to make mental images in the mind, here called "imagery," is studied as a phenomena of empirical psychology. The findings have importance for the process of communication, especially in behavioral modification through psychotherapy. Current research in imagery is reviewed, along with possible applications to…

Mental ages for normals' and for retardates' achievement on 21 Piagetian measures of reasoning are presented in this exploratory longitudinal study. Before standardization data can be provided, a study which involves a more extended sample is necessary. It is, however, suggested that: (1) Normals' (IQ 90-110) transition from concrete to formal…

The author is concerned with the role of preconception in the process of creative thinking, and as a psychologist, he experimented to determine what variables influence creative thinking. In the process of experimentation, however, he began to feel that some specific preconceptions were warping his investigation and were detrimental to a useful…

The focus of this paper is on groups of teachers classified according to self-reported national and/or racial heritage. The problem studied was simply notation of similarities and differences among mean scores of groups of in-service teachers in the U.S.A. when the teachers were so classified. Ss were over 3,000 in-service teachers from the 50…

Preceded by three studies of preschool children, this research compared the thinking abilities of 5-year-old white and black children in relation to certain environmental factors. All of the 2413 children were chosen to conform with the earlier studies by having approximately one-fourth with mothers having graduated from college, one-half…

The principles of Benjamin Bloom's "Taxonomy of Education Objectives" for the cognitive domain are followed in the development of this independent study unit. The sequence uses the Egyptian Rossetta Stone as the common knowledge base and illustrates how the six principles of the taxonomy of the cognitive domain can be applied to the design of a…

The author contends that man as a receiver of information is largely manipulated by the information sources. He proposes a system of substantive rhetoric, whereby we could perceive how past assumptive reasoning processes have allowed us to be manipulated and how these processes have originated outside rather than within ourselves. The author…

Reading comprehension questions selected from readers, teacher manuals, and workbooks of three current, widely used and representative basal reading series were analyzed according to the Barrett Taxonomy to determine cognitive objectives. The taxonomy has five major divisions and thirty-three levels within, claimed to be cumulative and sequenced…

An attempt to locate, review, classify, and abstract a more extensive set of measurement instruments and tests relevant to education and care programs for children from birth to age eight was made. Publishers' catalogs, test review, journals and other measurement documents have been examined to obtain a list. After extensive examination of…