Defines and characterizes four historical periods of educational leadership, each based on a central metaphor of leadership and associated core values of schooling: the evangelical period, the progressive period, the period of discontent, and the emerging period of choice. In the current "choice" period, the administrator assumes the role of…

Reviews the "Speak Mandarin Campaign," that is intended to persuade the Singaporean ethnic Chinese to use Mandarin in place of Chinese dialects. The purported educational, cultural, and practical advantages are discussed, and the support of higher education and the media is evaluated. (Author/CB)

Documents and analyzes the work of two computer-based art projects in Singapore where primary school children were involved in art production using a computer. Topics addressed include computer-based art learning; implications for art teaching and learning; technological issues; and aesthetic aspects. Examples of the art work are included. (three…

Data from 174 persons involved in French and Dutch community rescues of Jews during World War II revealed personal motivations based either on material, social, and religious norms or on social justice, each set linked to a distinct cognitive structure. However, organizational and supportive context factors were more significant than personal…

This articles focuses on the health care delivery system and its impact on diverse rural client populations who need mental health care or psychiatric services. Professional counseling opportunities and challenges are highlighted, and recommendations are offered to enhance the continuum of care for clients living in rural areas with sparse…

Results of a qualitative exploration of faculty response to the reconfiguring of organizational finances, structure, and mission illustrate the impact of reconfiguration on departmental and organizational culture at an institution of higher education. The change process and the dynamics of faculty interpretation, experience, and perspective of…

The relationship between the "need-blind" philosophy of college admission and institutional student financial aid policies is examined. The ethics of providing less-capable students with higher debt and workloads, and other policies that apply differential aid packaging for higher-risk students, are called into question. (MSE)

Maintains that one of the ongoing challenges of art education is to encourage the correct and effective use of terminology. Discusses expressionism, particularly in relation to landscape painting. Includes discussion of the background, techniques, and full-page color illustrations of four works by major expressionist painters. (CFR)

Discusses the components of outdoor education and its potential as an ideal context in which experiential learning can take place. Touches heavily on spirituality, which is seen to be fundamentally concerned with relationships between ourselves and others, the earth, and God. Promotes outdoor education as a vehicle for discovering what life has to…

Defines a value system as a universal, prolonged, consistent structure of priorities that defines an individual's life plan. Reports on a study of individual values among 3,154 Russian adults in 3 major cities. Identifies four generalizations based on the data about social values and social change in Russia. (CFR)

Examined whether certain strategic situations (profit versus survival situations) cause managers to act more ethically or less ethically. Results from multivariate repeated measures tests suggest that managers will vary their level of ethical response when faced with a situation in which the organization's survival is at stake. (Author/JBJ)

Discusses the debate surrounding multiculturalism and the expansion of the literary canon by examining Stanford University's decision not to require Plato's "Republic." Suggests that the criteria for the core curriculum should not be principally based on the extent to which a work contributes to the reduction of demeaning attitudes. (28…

Attitudes toward censorship of 1,347 undergraduate education students were examined. Survey results indicated that the subjects had a propensity toward permitting free flow of information while objecting to censorship. A significant majority in one or more subgroups favored restricting free flow in certain situations. (SM)

Questions the traditional assumption that primary age children are not capable of historical understanding. Study discovers a wide range of responses that validates some of Parsons' Theory of Aesthetic Development and calls other aspects into question. Concludes with a suggestion for more study. (MJP)

Identifies the main problems of educational reform in postcommunist countries by using an interactive model of education and developmental dimensions of society. Suggests that the stalemate in the transformation of ownership and political modernization and ideological conservativism will impede the Europeanization of education in Eastern European…