It is argued that tenure is not, as traditionally claimed, essential for academic freedom, and that in light of social change and recent litigation, the modern democracy needs to put into practice a theory of academic freedom distinct from tenure. (MSE)

Personality characteristics of dental students as freshmen and seniors were studied, and no significant change was found. The results imply that dental school had minimal effect on students' personal needs, values, and attitudes, making faculty knowledge of these traits essential before admission. (MSE)

The focus of citizen education has traditionally been on the institution of government. Instead, citizenship education should emphasize the teaching of democratic behavior and values and the practice of prosociality. Prosocial behavior is defined as actions that are intended to aid another person without the actor's anticipation of external…

Describes a study of the attitudes and values of 273 Minnesota community college personnel toward affirmative action. Independent variables used in the study were institutional location, respondents' level of responsibility, race, sex, and program. Reveals more positive attitudes among administrators, counselors, minorities, females, and liberal…

The evolving common school is public, community-based, supported by public taxation, and a secular alternative available to parents and their children. The "not-so-common" school, an example of which is Mendel Catholic High School (Chicago, Illinois), features curriculum constructed by professionals, religious training, and determination…

The Committee on Ability Testing's report (see ED 213 770 and ED 213 771) is shown to give primacy to employment productivity and efficiency values, creating an institutional bias in their analysis of testing. The importance of a balance of alternative multiple perspectives to broaden testing criteria, standards, fairness, and social values served…

Social/political education programs need an epistemological underpinning of clearly articulated principles of social justice--e.g., Rawls' two principles. However, such principles require operationalisation. Habermas' extension of Kohlberg's theory of moral development would provide a viable theoretical framework for the development of a…

Justifications for energy education which place a high priority on energy understanding within social systems and social education are presented and classroom opportunities for teaching about the energy crisis are examined. With regard to social studies, the goals of energy education are moral sensitivity and action. (RM)

Lawrence Kohlberg's empirical research does not, in itself, justify the claim that his higher stages of moral development are more adequately moral than lower stages; consequently, using Kohlbergian interventions to promote student development through these stages is unjustified. Empirical research, while necessary for planning and executing…

Discussed are reasons why teacher beliefs-practice congruency is desirable. An argument is presented for teacher beliefs-practice congruency; reasons are established why congruency is neglected; and "dialogue" is presented as a process for arriving at congruency. (Authors/JM)

The radical critique of American education portrays the schools as perpetuators of ethnic, social, and racial inequalities because they do not alter existing class relations. John Rawls' theory of social justice is discussed as an alternative approach to this situation that remains firmly grounded in the liberal tradition. (PP)

Apparently positive behaviors, such as praise, help-giving and pity, may indicate low estimation of ability to the student, and blame, relative neglect, and anger may be perceived by the recipient as high estimations of ability. These behaviors influence recipient self-perception and determine expectations, affective reactions and performance.…

Subjectivist literary criticism, which emphasizes readers' emotional responses to texts and adopts psychoanalytic classroom techniques, renders questionable such aspects of literature teaching as goals, evaluation, and teacher preparation. Literature teachers must abandon the scientific orientation of objectivism and subjectivism in favor if an…

This article discusses forces that affect the professional ethics of organizational development (OD). Both driving forces and restraining forces have influenced the current status of OD ethics. These forces have operated since the emergence of OD itself, and their fluctuating intensity results in the dynamic nature of the OD profession. (SSH)

Sex education should articulate values as well as provide sexual information. A biomorphic explanation that stresses organic needs alone is insufficient for adolescents trying to cope with mature needs and emotions; instead, a psycho-organic-ethical foundation dealing with love and commitment is needed. (PP)