Article seeks to help supervisors and supervisees enhance their awareness of spiritual values in supervision. Factors, such as counselor competency; conceptualization of spirituality; cross-cultural awareness; and the similarity of clients' and counselors' values form a foundation for developing effective intervention and supervision strategies. A…

Contends that the American education system needs to abandon the current trend toward holding, sorting, and indoctrinating students to be workers and consumers, an inherently antidemocratic education model. Suggests that education's highest priority should be education for active citizenry in a democratic society. Presents and analyzes John…

Discusses the influence of the three predominant world views, Christian fundamentalism, mainstream Christianity, and religious liberalism, on curriculum issues in the United States. It is suggested that educators should move beyond ideology to democracy in education, be prepared to understand the ideological issues that affect education, and…

Development of one curriculum--integrating all subject areas under specific goals and objectives--has been delayed by current schooling structure which pigeonholes information. This could be solved by an integrated curriculum based on Bloom's Taxonomy which flows through the common link of environmental education. Bloom's Taxonomy allows for…

Surveys the universal and mental health values of 121 Muslims in the United States and their counseling preferences. Respondents were generally well educated and highly religious. They responded high in the universal values of benevolence and conformity; low in power, hedonism, and stimulation; and high in many humanistic mental health values.…

This case study shows that young children in a multilingual Indian preschool are functioning in an environment constructed out of their community's needs and values. The school did not focus on child development but stressed memorization and free expression and functioned consistently within the Indian historical, societal, and value context. No…

Examined attitudes of 19 British university students concerning plagiarism and cheating. Found strong moral basis for student perceptions, focusing on values such as friendship, trust, and good learning; lack of clarity concerning what constitutes plagiarism; and influence of factors such as alienation from the institution, large classes, and…

This reprint of a 1938 article presents a plea for art education by American artist Grant Wood. Wood says that all children need the opportunity to express themselves in drawing and painting in order to be happy. He explains the importance of teaching expression through art rather than teaching art techniques. (SM)

Discusses the three prevailing theoretical frameworks for understanding students with disabilities: the functional limitations framework, the minority group paradigm, and social constructivism. Argues that to view disability as a social construction is to think inclusively, which acknowledges the power of environmental, structural, and cultural…

Argues for a unifying concept for consultation research and practice based on the principle of social validity, a principle which includes the evaluation of the social importance of the effects produced by intervention procedures. Suggests that relying exclusively on consultees to socially validate goals, procedures, and outcomes is misguided. (75…

Drawing on students' experiences, examines ways that Electronic Discussion Lists (EDLs) can enhance a sense of community on a college campus. Provides a brief history of electronic mail and discussion groups and outlines the uses of EDLs, such as its effectiveness in voicing complaints and in clarifying values. (RJM)

Issues related to race, class, and gender diversity have been silenced in most school reform efforts. To meet future national and global needs, reforms must incorporate diversity issues, promote democratic ideas, and help students acquire the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to construct civic, moral, and just communities. Policy recommendations…

Democracy is deeply rooted in Japanese history but not in a form that is readily recognizable to Western observers. A study of student decision making in an elementary classroom found that student attitudes about what children should decide were shaped by students' prior experience of decision making, and that their style of decision making…

The best way to reach self-realization, an ever-widening identification with nature, is through the Norwegian tradition of friluftsliv, a nonaggressive, environmentally sensitive approach to being in nature. When risk is associated with friluftsliv and not pursued for its own sake, it helps one achieve self-realization. Reliance on technology for…

This paper considers two major movements affecting the lives of people with intellectual disabilities: normalization and inclusion. It reviews the aims, processes, and outcomes of the normalization and social role valorization movement and explores its compatibility with inclusion. Lessons from normalization are applied to the inclusion movement.…