The structure and foundations of educational evaluation activities are explained. Evaluation theories are divided into descriptive or empirical, and normative. Descriptive theory is defined as explaining phenomena, rather than being based on normative premises. It is referred to as educational evaluation analysis and is classified as a social…

REPORTED IS A STUDY OF THE ASPIRATIONS OF 202 NEGRO MOTHERS FOR THEIR CHILDREN'S FUTURE. AN INTERVIEW SCHEDULE WAS ADMINISTERED BY TWO NEGRO WOMEN TO FOUR SUBGROUPS OF LOW AND HIGH STATUS MOTHERS. SUBGROUPS WERE DEFINED ON THE BASIS OF EDUCATION AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN. THE ASPIRATION OF THE RESPONDENTS WERE EXAMINED WITHIN THREE CATEGORIES--(1)…

The expansion of attitude research has been concurrent with the growth of the adult education movement. Most attitude research to date has focused on attitudes toward controversial issues but recent formulations of the nature of attitudes emphasize that they exist in functional interdependence with other attitudinal, motivational, and value…

This paper discusses several types of ethical problems encountered by day care and preschool workers, and suggests guidelines for developing a code of ethics for early childhood practitioners. Topics dicussed include the meaning of a code of ethics; the need for such a code for early childhood practitioners; examples of ethical problems involving…

The counseling staff at a suburban, comprehensive, four-year high school in southern California developed and implemented a Career Guidance program for grades nine through twelve. With assistance and cooperation from teachers, students participated in exploration of vocational interests, personal values, and individual aptitudes in Grades 9 and…

The author, one of the most outspoken proponents of fundamentalist education, describes what he sees as the invasion of illiteracy, the departure from discipline, and the paucity of patriotism rampant in today's schools. The responsibility for these problems, he believes, lies with boards of education, teachers' unions, the tenure system,…

The theory that organizations are ideological inventions of the human mind is discussed. Organizational science is described as an ideology which is based upon social concepts and experiences. The main justification for organizational theory is that it attempts to answer why we behave as we do in social organizations. Ways in which ideas and…

The study was designed to examine the personal and professional characteristics related to change and nonchange orientations of adult educators. A personal data form consisting of personal characteristics (age and sex) and professional characteristics (years of experience in adult education, institution from which the doctorate was secured,…

This paper addresses the need to correct the present system of educating black children in the United States. The first section offers a review of the history of policy toward and focus of black education. It is proposed that although black children are no longer denied education, programs such as Head Start and Follow Through are created on the…

Two studies attempted to determine: (1) at what age children understand and apply the principle of equity; and (2) whether theory based instruction is effective in helping young children understand the principle of equity. Further, do children exposed to such instruction perform better on a behavioral test than children not exposed to such…

The central concern of this paper is to examine the subculture of the aging theory and the relationship between aging group-consciousness and morale. Aging group-consciousness is postulated to be one of the major components of an aging subculture. A study of 81 older people was conducted in a rural, multi-story housing facility. Questionnaires…

This chapter of "The Best of the Best of ERIC," Volume 2, contains 15 summaries of documents and journals on dealing with the drug problem in schools, all of which are indexed in either "Resources in Education" or "Current Index to Journals in Education." The materials included deal with various aspects of the topic, such as descriptions of…

Cognitive style models describe individual differences in information-processing, or methods for deriving meaning from the world. Each style is theoretically value-free; each is valid and has strengths or weaknesses depending upon its context. However, this value freedom has been threatened in two ways. First, while cognitive style has been…

The Socratic method uses skillfully arranged and worded questions that, in sequence, lead the answerer toward some revelation. So that students may be exposed to their own and each other's views on legally and ethically acceptable journalistic responses to complex coverage situations, this document describes how the Socratic method may be used in…

This guide is divided into seven major sections, each representing one of the following fundamental natural resources: (1) soil, (2) air, (3) water, (4) vegetation, (5) wildlife, (6) minerals, and (7) man. Within each of the seven major sections, there are three subsections which provide the following: (1) Background Information; (2) Suggestions…