Presents the results of case studies, involving unstructured interviews with 69 women in two clerical training programs. Explores the students' perceptions of the nature of clerical work, emphasizing the importance of social constructs in determining the rewards, conditions, and power that accrue to a particular occupation. (DMM)

This paper explores the evidence of a substantive paradigm shift in curriculum theory by examining the questions that have caused Elliot Eisner's radical shift from an empirical-analytical research model to a critical-theoretical one. The role of theory development and of ethics and values in research have propelled Eisner's theoretical shift. (TE)

Presents a view of democracy as a cultural form that goes beyond political participation and civic responsibility to include the notions of community, participative decision making, critical thinking, historical awareness, and equitable distribution of resources. (TE)

Application of ethical principles to relationships and pedagogic problems in medical education is discussed, focusing on the associations medical students form with teachers, patients, school, each other that shape them as professionals. It is argued that introduction of ethics into these areas can help students and teachers and improve medical…

Describes one model of effective health instruction, highlighting what and how to teach. Two lesson types, skill development and values awareness, illustrate characteristics that incorporate theory specific to each outcome. By viewing health instruction as both a science and an art, teachers help ensure equal opportunity for all students to…

The role of peer counselors has become increasingly important as time and resources of professional counselors grow scarce. One midwestern institution recruited peer counselors to conduct a training program on the issues of intimacy. Students who participated in the program had favorable attitudes toward the peer counselors. (BF)

When teachers set a standard and model courteous behavior, students learn that good manners are aspects of caring and respect. The paper presents class activities that put courtesy in context, including role playing, creating comic strips, reading appropriate books, and creating a paper chain marking courteous behavior by the students. (SM)

Notes that Grusec and Goodnow's model of discipline encounters as context for children's internalization of parental values seems best suited for middle childhood and adolescence. Suggests that processes such as social referencing, sensitivity to standard violations, emergence of self, and self-regulation may be important antecedents and signs of…

In response to commentaries on their model of discipline effectiveness, Grusec and Goodnow note that the model places as much emphasis on affect as on cognition and that it is certainly applicable to preschool years. They discuss development of sense of self, ability to self-regulate, and attachment as important precursors of internalization. (MDM)

An activity called "validationgram" derived from Ishiyama's model of self-validation is described. It is a visual activity of mapping sources of validation in four domains: relationships, activities, things, and places. It is proposed that validationgram is useful in exploring client's world of meanings, feelings, and values. (JBJ)

Reports on two surveys (1989 and 1993) of sex role stereotypes of secondary school and college-level Russian males. Finds a substantial liberalization of students' views regarding sexual morality in that period. Also finds a trend away from traditional masculinized thinking toward an androgynous position. (CFR)

The role of education in the development of an Eritrean cultural identity is explored against the background of a review of relevant educational provisions in pluralist societies. Multicultural education in Eritrea offers access to a common culture and also to a variety of specific cultures. (SLD)

The application of generalizability theory to the reliability and error variance estimation for performance assessment scores is discussed. Decision makers concerned with performance assessment need to realize the restrictions that limit generalizability such as limitations that lead to reductions in the number of tasks possible, rater quality,…

The nurturing, protective environment of camp is important for the healthy development of children. In contrast to earlier times, adults today prepare children for the world by encouraging them to grow up quickly and accept more responsibility. Camp encourages children to cultivate trustworthiness, caring, and, most important, an enthusiasm for…

Suggests, as one way to build prosocial values in a classroom, the strategy of "cheerleading" to honor the good intentions of all students and to model the obvious ways of praising success. Notes that celebrating students' successes acknowledges the contributions they make to the classroom community. Activities discussed include year-end reviews…