Two experiments with pigeons examined the effects of unsignaled, nonresetting delays of reinforcement on responding maintained by different reinforcement rates. In Experiment 1, 3-s unsignaled delays were introduced into each component of a multiple variable-interval (VI) 15-s VI 90-s VI 540-s schedule. When considered as a proportion of the…

This kit was created to make learning about bears a fun and meaningful experience for teachers and students. It offers students opportunities to learn about favorite animals through an assortment of fun activities filled with information. The activities interact with science, language arts, critical thinking, music, social studies, math, art, and…

This coloring book provides illustrations of 18 animals in their habitats. Animals presented include: beavers; bears; bats; housecats; elephants; moose; tigers; geese; chimpanzees; rabbits; butterflies; giraffes; fish; kangaroos; gnus; bugs and bees; and humans. Two additional illustrations are provided which show that the sun and air are part of…

This Series is designed to meet the requirement of brief textbooks both for schools and for adult readers who wish to review or expand their knowledge. The grade of the books is intermediate between the so-called "primers" and the larger works professing to present quite detailed views of the respective subjects. Although the treatment…

This Series is designed to meet the requirement of brief textbooks both for schools and for adult readers who wish to review or expand their knowledge. The Student who would acquire a satisfactory knowledge of the principles of Zoology is recommended to commence by learning the elementary principles of General Biology; and having mastered these he…

This textbook is intended for schools moderately equipped to undertake beginning zoology study using scientific method. Its aim is to put the student in the way of acquiring for himself a knowledge of animal life and structure.

The article provides a collection of teaching ideas about vertebrate animals. Ideas include making a poem book about a group of animals, rhyming words with animal names, and finding animal names in a puzzle. (DB)

Five experiments examined children's expectations about what might be inside animals and machines. Found that children had abstract expectations that guide their search for differences between animals and machines, and that 8-year olds had more concrete expectations than preschoolers. These results are consistent with an abstract-to-concrete model…

The use of anthropomorphism over a period of time and across cultures is discussed. Various examples are also given to illustrate the extensive use of this devise made by the different authors of children's literature to open a dialogue with their readers.

Transgenic insecticidal Bt crops are being increasingly used worldwide, and concern is increasing about resistance and their effects on nontarget organisms. The toxin acts as a weak pesticide and, hence, the effects are subtler than those of chemical biocides. However, the toxin is ever present, but concentrations vary with age of plant and plant…

In humans, episodic memory is most commonly defined as the subjective experience of recollection, presenting a major challenge to the identification of episodic memory in animals. Here we take the position that episodic memory also has several other distinctive qualities that can be assessed objectively in animals, as well as humans, and the…

A dynamic model for a single species fishery with stage structure is proposed using taxation as a control instrument to protect the fish population from overexploitation. Criteria for local stability and global stability of the system are derived. The optimal tax policy is established by using Pontryagin's maximal principle. By numerical…

A bioeconomic model is developed for the selective harvesting of a single species, inshore-offshore fishery, assuming that the growth of the species is governed by the Gompertz law. The dynamical system governing the fishery is studied in depth; the local and global stability of its non-trivial steady state are examined. Existence of a bionomic…