Explains the types of effects, usually unintentional, that psychologists can have upon the results of their research; describes the "Pygmalion Experiment," in which teachers' expectations for children's behavior proved to be self-fulfilling prophecies; and points to research needs in the area of interpersonal expectations. (GT)

The biological and the cultural aspects of human play are inextricably linked and mutually influence each other. (LH)

Results of this study indicate reliable identification of different nonverbal behaviors of counselor educators. Eye contact and gestural activity of the head, arms, hands, and legs and feet suggest needed consideration, and practical applications of these variables in the supervisory process. A methodological model for investigators of nonverbal…

Four aspects of organizational development (OD) strategies, which have been used in schools over the past 15 years, are reviewed: values, goals, and assumptions; models and operating characteristics; impact on achievement, productivity, and attitudes; and the future use of OD in schools. (Author/RD)

Behavioral Marital Therapy (BMT) is clinically useful because it includes elaborating procedures, modifying the spouse's self-defeating cognitions, and moving toward early intervention and prevention. Each article in this issue of American Journal of Family Therapy focuses on innovations in BMT, either in research or practice. (Author/NRB)

Describes several experiments, many designed to discover the public's response to unusual situations, conducted by college students in a public affairs reporting class. (TJ)

Describes a residential care program for children that involves parents in the role of treatment partners in making assessment, treatment, and discharge decisions for their children. (CM)

Evaluates the effectiveness of the practical syllogism as an alternative model of man for communication research by assessing the effects of the practical syllogism's action theory assumptions upon theoretical development, comparing the logics of the practical syllogism with the logics of human behavior, and evaluating these combined effects upon…

Analyzes the performance of individuals in real brainstorming groups in an attempt to determine the relationship between individual ideational output, perceptions of status within the group, and communication apprehension. (JMF)

Of the 486 single women aged 13-20 who were tested, the subjects with high self-esteem had positive attitudes toward using birth control pills, were less embarrassed about obtaining contraception, and were more effective and consistent contraceptive users. (RL)

Review of discrimination and inequalities between sexes with regard to educational opportunities in developing and developed nations indicates that although organizational barriers to discrimination have often been removed, attitudinal barriers remain. Concludes that discriminatory practices due to teacher attitudes are the most difficult to…

This paper examines the social context of female deviant behavior. It is held that the fact that women deviate less than men and in privatized and self-destructive forms is consistent with the ideology of the female nature and with women's social position. (MC)

Investigated creative thinking and behavioral styles of American and Chinese college students enrolled in educational psychology classes. Taiwanese scored higher on the measure of fluency. Females in both cultures obtained higher elaboration scores. Chinese subjects took more time to complete tasks and were less careless in performance.…

The authors review and discuss the applied behavior analysis procedures that have been found to be effective in controlling severe forms of maladaptive behavior and outline several considerations that may influence the success with which severe forms of maladaptive behavior are controlled in a classroom setting. (SBH)

Reports on a study that used 182 entering college freshmen to investigate the relationship between social position and level of study habits, and the prediction of study habits by the addition of two family correlates (birth order and family size) to social position. (RL)