Reading lessons were observed, taped, and analyzed to determine how teachers' questioning strategies contribute to students' ability to comprehend materials read. The kinds of thinking elicited by teachers' questions were investigated by means of a classification scheme developed which included recognition, recall, translation, conjecture,…

As part of a project to convert Army training programs into self instructional sets of materials, this study was conducted to determine the relative efficiency of five types of instructional strategies. Efficiency, measured in terms of achievement and teaching time, and development time were considered. The five strategies studied include: (1)…

Over the years, teacher questions have consistently aimed at literal comprehension, indicating that teachers lack understanding of the reading-thinking-questioning hierarchy. Benjamin Bloom's "Cognitive Taxonomy" can serve as a hierarchical framework for the design of questions. Within this framework, a teacher can confront decision…

Based on the assumption that the active involvement of the reader is required to give meaning to the printed word, a study was devised to test whether reading comprehension can be increased if students are taught to formulate questions about what they read. The study had three phases: a pilot study during which fifth grade top readers were…

This self-instructive workbook focuses upon teacher-initiated questioning strategies and the relationship of the strategies to students' thinking. It utilizes written materials, audiotapes, videotapes, and students in the classroom. The goals of the workbook are to enable the teacher to (1) identify and classify types of questions in terms of…

Instructional discussion is a classroom teaching method by which students move through material to a predetermined, new understanding by building on each other's contributions and by utilizing the more experienced learner's (the teacher's) past experiences with the material. This article describes both the characteristics and the planning of…

In order to learn to read successfully in a foreign language, students must first have well-developed auditory and visual skills. Students can be made to recognize the importance of attention to detail by means of frequent copying exercises. Translation must be avoided if real reading skills are to develop. The teacher should insist that the…

Thirty-six normal 5-year-olds and 60 educable mentally retarded (EMR) students with a mean age of 7 years were tested to determine whether specific formats of interrogatives would be instrumental in inducing the generation of effective verbal mediators. Ten EMR Ss and 6 normal Ss were tested on 21 paired associates in each six experimental…

A theory of Socratic tutoring was developed in the form of pattern-action rules for a computer program. The rules were derived from analyses of a variety of tutorial dialogs. The 23 rules were designed to formalize causal knowledge and reasoning, and they included such abilities as forming hypotheses, distinguishing between necessary and…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an instructional sequence on the higher-level questioning behavior of a group of secondary mathematics teachers. Major hypotheses were: (1) as a result of the instruction the teachers would show an increase in classroom use of the higher-level questions; (2) student participation in class…

The handbook is part of a series on legal services for the elderly which can be provided by senior citizens functioning as paralegals. It presents interviewing techniques to be used in the legal setting and is designed to provide additional information which could not be included in the accompanying film. The document consists of 12 sections based…

This research investigated the need to apply appropriate results of research in pedagogical techniques of questioning to accomplish maximum achievement through the use of high-level questions and to encourage thought and participation in the learning process. A unit on radioactivity and radiation was prepared, validated and taught by 14 carefully…

This paper reports the procedures, results, and conclusions of a study of the effects of two instructional strategies on three aspects of preservice science teacher behavior: (1) the number of divergent and evaluative questions asked, (2) the proportion of divergent and evaluative questions asked, and (3) the total number of questions asked. The…

A study was undertaken to determine (1) if six student teachers who received instruction (in eight weekly individual or group training and feedback sessions) in the use of Bloom's taxonomy would operate within the classroom at a higher cognitive level than a control group of six who received equal time instruction using a placebo-type treatment;…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of written prequestioning on the reading comprehension of fifth grade students. The sample consisted of 144 fifth grade students randomly selected from six elementary schools and randomly assigned to one of two groups: half of the subjects received questions to guide their reading prior to each…