Reviews the historical transitions leading to a fourth generation of distance education, including a paradigm shift with the use of the Internet; presents instructional design models; and develops a hybrid model that integrates constructivist and objectivist approaches and takes into account both learning and design principles. (Author/LRW)

Assumptions about the equal reliability of competing accounts of risk deserve to be examined empirically while the scope for interpretative flexibility when addressing risk issues is clearly extensive. Indicates that the U.K. evaluation was not only less precautionary than its U.S. equivalent but was also less well-constructed and therefore less…

Explains socially constructed cognition in terms of learning organization concepts (personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, team learning, systems thinking). Describes the enterprise culture, learning universities, and workplace learning. Examines the role of consultants in promoting organizational learning. (SK)

Constructivism is congruent with adult learning theory and has potential for self-directed learning and development of metacognitive skills. Nursing education within a constructivist framework can help nurses develop into experienced practitioners by tapping their knowledge base from life experience. (SK)

Continues the discussion of postmodernism, constructivism, and multiculturalism presented in several recent publications of the "Journal of Mental Health Counseling." Besides providing an analysis of the junctures and distinctions among these three major conceptual forces, discusses their implications for mental health counseling practice.…

Describes the R2D2 (Reflective, Recursive Design and Development) model of constructivist instructional design. Highlights include participatory teams; progressive problem solution; phronesis, or contextual understanding; dissemination, including summative evaluation; and a new paradigm that shifts from the industrial age to the information age.…

Shares experiences of teaching probability from a constructivist perspective. Discusses the role of cognitive conflict, teaching the unit, and evaluation processes. (ASK)

Critically reviews radical critiques of multicultural education from a pedagogical perspective, revealing agreement between radical and multicultural discourse about transformative pedagogy, exemplifying a body of literature about pedagogical struggles not recognized by radical critics, and encouraging interchange between these groups in regard to…

Dominant values of conventional research are rigor, precision, elegance, objectivity, and verifiability. Constructivist research is valued for being responsive, rich, emergent, subjective, and creative. Practitioner research is useful, reflective in action, interactive, and intentional. (SK)

Proposes that situational factors in communities of practice should be considered when examining the social origins of knowledge and individual construction of it. Suggests that, because existing knowledge interacts with that from history, culture, and community, the roles of particular social circumstances in the construction of individuals'…

Meta-synthesis of problem posing and creativity in technology education addresses the following: (1) constructivist and sociocultural frameworks; (2) the concept of problem posing; (3) problem posing in mathematics learning; (4) problem solving in technology education; and (5) implications for technology education. Contains 87 references. (SK)

This approach to culture and cognition highlights dynamics through which cultural knowledge becomes operative in guiding the construction of meaning from a stimulus. Cognitive priming experiments simulated how bicultural people switch between cultural frames in response to culturally laden symbols. Results illuminate how cultural constructs are…

Compares functioning in biracial youth to white adolescents and other minority adolescents. Results suggest that biracial/biethnic youth are particularly vulnerable in terms of self-reported delinquency, school problems, internalizing symptoms, and self-regard. Discusses why this group may be particularly vulnerable from a social-constructionist…

Reviews Literature on constructivism and adult learning in order to derive principles for technology-based professional development and curriculum design. (Contains 29 references.) (SK)

Outlines the origins of constructivism and its two perspectives: radical and social. Describes the roles of teachers and learners in constructivist learning environments. Explores constructivism's relationship to theory and practice in the context of the New Right political environment in New Zealand. Contains 41 references. (SK)