Educational planners and managers are provided with the background knowledge essential to understanding and effecting planned change in education. Several dimensions of planned change are outlined and related to involvement of administrators, operational leaders, and teachers. Also presented is a model of the time-involvement dimensions for…

Described is a training institute for teachers and school community workers who would be working in preschool centers. Trainees spent their mornings doing their field work in a Head Start classroom and afternoons in discussion groups with their instructors. Consultants from various disciplines addressed the training group. The school community…

Specific uses and outcomes of studies conducted with the Inventory of Individually Perceived Group Cohesiveness (IIPGC) are described. This document serves as a supplementary guide to field studies and normative data obtained in reference to the IIPGC. The Inventory of Individually Perceived Group Cohesiveness is a self-report measure of an…

This study assessed the effect of room design on small-group communication patterns. Twenty-seven groups of three subjects each were assigned to nine types of rooms that differed with respect to shape, interior decoration, and other environmental elements. Subjects discussed a standard group-discussion topic. Data indicated that room design had no…

Approaches to organizational change are examined, and the means for overcoming resistance to change are suggested. Seven models of change commonly used are identified as: (1) decree; (2) replacement of personnel; (3) structural reorganization; (4) group agreement; (5) data discussion; (6) group problem solving; and (7) T group. The sixth change…

This anthology provides an organized way to examine the many types of aims which have been advanced as the proper ends for educating. Essays of educational philosophers from Plato to the present day are presented. The contents are organized into four divisions. Sections one and two are concerned with the public aims of education. The third section…

This booklet is one in a series designed to bridge the gap between theory and practice by suggesting specific classroom activities based on current educational theory and research. Approximately half of the booklet is devoted to a review of current research and theory concerning small group discussion and interaction. The second half presents…

This paper describes a study that compared the use of consensual, nominal, and conventional decision-making techniques in established and ad hoc groups. The impact of the structural interventions on group decision quality and group attitudes is examined and the appropriateness of the techniques in various situation is discussed. Findings of the…

In other studies to be reported in this symposium, the others-concept is seen to be a psychological construct of emerging importance for understanding children's behavior. It would appear, however, to have relevance for all age groups. Thus this researcher sought to investigate whether or not the relationships which had been previously found…

The author considers group therapy as one of the most appropriate approaches to help psychotic patients, especially schizophrenics. He advocates the formation of four graded groups of patients based on the seriousness of their problems. The first is an intake group formed of newly admitted patients. Interaction in a group situation provides the…

Group effectiveness is determined by many things. It takes long and exacting effort to discover the precise combination that unlocks the door to success. Although many of the forces that shape group behavior may be intangible, involving subtle factors of personality, much of group activity can be analyzed scientifically. In this booklet, the ninth…

The paper explores two efforts to create a Just Community School using Kohlberg's theory of moral judgment as a guide towards definition of educational aims. The paper notes that developmental theory may lead to two rather different legitimate implementation models and notes some interim observations from the two schools. One of the models…

The study investigated the effectiveness of group assertive training with nonassertive, noncollege age women. Twelve women, ages 22 to 53, participated in the assertive training program. Participants received six training sessions consisting of stimulus film vignettes; behavior rehearsal; peer, video, and trainer feedback; homework assignments;…

This paper reviews the results of three investigations of the effects of marathon Gestalt workshops on the measured self-actualization of volunteer, college student participants. In the first study, 10 students participated in a weekend workshop at the university counseling center. Subjects completed the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) before…

This study reports on the design, formulation, modification, and evaluation of a relatively new type of intergroup intervention--the creation of a "microcosm group" of twelve members from an organization of 250 members. Charged with improving communication among work groups and hierarchical levels, the group was developed and maintained according…