Human decision making is partly determined by the verbal stimuli involved in a choice. Verbal stimuli that may be particularly relevant to human decision making are the words "should" and "like," whereby "should" is presumably associated with what one ought to choose, and "like" is presumably associated with…

This study aimed to reveal the reasons underlying school principals' preferences for paintings to be exhibited on their school's walls. Also, it was examined whether there is a difference between the frequency of school leaders' participation in artistic activities as well as their preferred art genres represented by different paintings. The…

Engagement for children with mitochondrial disorder is not self evident. To develop personalised and value-based care for this population, we require knowledge about their perspectives and values with regards to everyday activities. To gain insight into children's perspective on activities by (1) asking what activities they perform, (2) how they…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tonic drone accompaniments on the intonation of collegiate wind instrumentalists. Participants (N = 68) played an excerpt of the melody "Long, Long Ago" in three conditions: a mono drone (tonic note only), dyad drone (tonic plus fifth), and a control condition (no drone). Results…

This study formalizes and compares two major hypotheses in speakers' choices of referring expressions: the topicality model that chooses a form based on the topicality of the referent, and the rational model that chooses a form based on the informativity of the form and its speech cost. Simulations suggest that both the topicality of the referent…

Humans tend to avoid cognitive effort. Whereas evidence of this abounds in adults, little is known about its emergence and development in childhood. The few existing studies in children use different experimental paradigms and report contradictory developmental patterns. We examined effort-related decision-making in a sample of 79 five- to…

Visual scene displays (VSDs) are becoming an increasingly popular method of message representation within augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) supports; however, design factors can influence the effectiveness of these images as communication supports. One issue that has come to light in recent years is the fact that selecting…

Many reports in dental education showed that student learning improved with the flipped classroom method. However, there are few reports that describe how different subsets of students may benefit from the flipped classroom. In this study, we investigated how students' preference for the flipped classroom impacted their learning outcome. We used a…

Advanced placement (AP) and concurrent enrollment (CE) provide high school students with rigorous coursework and possible college credit. Theoretical modeling predicted students would substitute CE for AP courses conditional on their probability of earning university credit, passing AP tests, and college selectivity despite CE costing more than…

Graphing is an important practice for scientists and in K-16 science curricula. Graphs can be constructed using an array of software packages as well as by hand, with pen-and-paper. However, we have an incomplete understanding of how students' graphing practice vary by graphing environment; differences could affect how best to teach and assess…

Extension programming must continue to evolve by meeting the changing needs and interests of residents. Family and Consumer Sciences agents in Cooperative Extension often utilize community needs assessments to inform future programming. However, a needs-based approach alone may not incorporate residents' interest, which is important for…

Background: Nordic welfare models are characterised by emphasising both social security and labour market participation. Nevertheless, most people with intellectual disability either receive a disability pension or work in sheltered workshops. While transitions into integrated employment have been studied, transitions from school to sheltered…

This dissertation explored the possible influences that teachers of students with significant intellectual disabilities (SID) have that impact their attitude toward assessment. Students with SID are most likely to be dependent on direct teacher assistance to complete assessment tasks. Historically, students with SID have not participated in most…

Chinese choral music has been developing for more than a century, as has higher choral music education in China. There is not yet a standard choral curriculum system in Chinese music colleges and universities. Furthermore, because of the language barrier and cultural differences, Chinese choral educators and conductors show a strong preference for…

With the swift pivot to online learning, teachers and students have been forced to adopt a new way of teaching and learning, which has required students to become more self-directed in their learning. In addition, teachers are faced with the challenge of preparing students for the workforce and lifelong learning. One emerging approach for…