Presuppositions, those propositions which the sentence is not primarily about but which have to be established prior to the utterance of a sentence in order for communication to go smoothly, are discussed. The notions of the Kiparskys (1970), Lakoff (1970, 1971), Fillmore (1971), Karttunen (1971), and Horn (1969) are summarized with examples in an…

PROFICIENCY IN CRITICAL READING CAN BE ACCELERATED BY MAKING STUDENTS AWARE OF VARIOUS SEMANTIC DEVICES THAT HELP CLARIFY MEANINGS AND PURPOSES. EXCERPTS FROM THE ARTICLE "TEEN-AGE CORRUPTION" FROM THE NINTH-GRADE SEMANTICS UNIT WRITTEN BY THE PROJECT ENGLISH DEMONSTRATION CENTER AT EUCLID, OHIO, ARE USED TO ILLUSTRATE HOW SEMANTICS RELATE TO…

THIS REPORT IS A SURVEY OF AND COMMENTARY ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELDS OF INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND LINGUISTICS AND THE APPLICABILITY OF RESULTS TO THE FORMULATION OF INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LANGUAGES AND MACHINE TRANSLATION. COMMENTARY IS WEIGHTED TOWARD IMPARTING AN AWARENESS OF MANY OF THE SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF A REASONABLY…

THE WAY IN WHICH WE CONCEIVE OF REALITY IS DEPENDENT UPON THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM WE USE. EACH LANGUAGE SYSTEM, WHETHER THAT OF A WHOLE CULTURE, A SUBCULTURE, OR AN INDIVIDUAL, EMBODIES IN ITS VOCABULARY AND SYNTAX AND RULES OF "GRAMMAR" A SET OF ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE NATURE OF REALITY AND THE CORRECT WAYS TO MAKE SENSE OF THINGS. THUS, UNDERSTANDING…

THIS STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN IN CENTERVILLE, MICHIGAN, A COMMUNITY WITH 2,500 STUDENTS, IN HIGH SCHOOLS, EVENLY DIVIDED BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS. THE SURVEY DISCUSSES THE STEPS IN PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF THE IMAGE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND SUGGESTS METHODS OF USING THE IVE. PARENTS OF ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS, EMPLOYERS LOCATED IN THE SCHOOL…

Metaphor, ethnography, and other qualitative alternatives to the traditional goal-based experimental approach to evaluation have been presented recently. Among the issues associated with the experimental approach are those of preordinate specification and explicit definition. Though the former has received much attention, the latter requires…

A research project investigated the process of reading comprehension through which the reader generates a semantic representation of the message conveyed by a text. The first focus of the project was an examination of the functioning of abstract knowledge in text comprehension. Studies were conducted to explore the activation of proposition…

Children aged three to six were shown drawings of three objects that were identical except for differences in size in one or both dimensions. Each child was asked to determine if one object was the tallest. A missing feature model was not supported, since a child was often correct for some items and incorrect for others. Errors were partially…

Since psycholinguistic research suggests that readers ascribe meaning by sampling grapho-phonemic, syntactic, and semantic text features, a study was conducted to investigate which cue strategies readers of different abilities utilized, and whether these strategies were mediated by levels of cognitive development. The subjects were 50 second grade…

This is a bibliography of articles that appeared in the "Chinese Language Teachers Association Journal" during 1966-77. The articles are listed alphabetically by author. The second part of the bibliography is a combined reference of subject and title indexed by "key words." (AMH)

This report provides background materials for a survey which is to be conducted for the Unit of Dissemination of the Kentucky Department of Education to determine what type of packaging is preferred by users for materials distributed by the Dissemination Unit, with emphasis on teacher attitudes toward non-print media in relation to print formats.…

The sentence intonation of Panjabi (a tone language) is described, as it is spoken in the district of Sialkot in West Pakistan. A system of phonetic transcription is established, and the intonation of sentences and questions is treated in two chapters. (JB)

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE (1) WHETHER THREE DIFFERENT SOCIOECONOMIC GROUPS OF STUDENTS AND VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE TEACHERS PLACED DIFFERENT CONNOTATIVE MEANINGS ON CERTAIN WORDS AND PHRASES IMPORTANT IN VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE, AND (2) THE EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS RECOGNIZED DIFFERENCES EXISTING AMONG STUDENTS. PUPILS IN 21 ILLINOIS…

The applicability of Piaget's cognitive processes of assimilation and accommodation to the learning of verbal nonsense syllables (ten low association value consonant-vowel-consonant trigrams) was tested experimentally. Twenty-two undergraduates (ten female and 12 male) at the University of Michigan served as subjects. It was hypothesized that…

How well items of information which comprise a text are learned may depend upon the semantic and syntactic relationships (ideational bonds) which exist among those items. To determine if the ability of learners to recall text information is influenced by the location of the information within the text and by syntactic contrasts among informational…