This paper for educational administrators and researchers, and theorists begins with a discussion of the role of intellectual paradigms in the development of science, and outlines some of the general social science paradigms that have been dominant in organization theory. A classification scheme is constructed, based on Udy's organizational…

This paper is concerned with the impact of the Individually Guided Education/Secondary Project (IGE/S) in a middle school. Participation observation is used to understand how the intervention process is incorporated into everyday patterns and norms of the school. No individualization of instruction occurred. The findings suggest that basic…

A review of the literature on cooperative, competitive, and independent reward structures and performance is presented, and conclusions are drawn which reformulate current beliefs about the interaction between reward structure and task structure. A brief theory of reward structure and performance is described, and conditions under which…

Because of fast changes in educational theory and methodology, behaviorally threatening atmosphere, changes in student responses and attitudes, administrative expectations, and general tensions, most teachers need more support relationships than ever before. Tensions in many schools are high and daily frustrations exist. Teachers are concerned…

This manual is intended primarily for use by small groups that must accomplish tasks within specified periods of time. Chapters, directed toward groups in business, industry, education, religious organizations, politics, government, or virtually any situation where a cooperative effort is required, discuss the following areas: group work as…

Reported is a study to describe how 12 groups of parents of handicapped children in Oregon engage in political democracy; and to identify some of the organizational, strategical, and attitudinal factors which maintain and sustain the participatory process. In an introductory chapter on the purpose and scope of the study, it is noted that data is…

Examines the impact of sensitivity training on participants' self-actualization in the United Kingdom, Turkey, and Japan. The results suggest that as the economic and social conditions change and create a cultural environment more favorable to self-actualizing tendencies, individuals will respond more positively to educational innovations such as…

William Glasser demonstrates the principle of conducting a classroom meeting with a third-grade class in an affluent, suburban elementary school. Class meetings stimulate creative and critical thought. They are a tool to help students to begin to think for themselves. (Author)

This article reviews some of the problems encountered in implementing a schools-without-failure approach. The author supplies concrete guidelines for those considering implementation of Glasserian philosophy (or other humanistic approaches) in their schools. With systematic application, the use of reality therapy can benefit schools, teachers,…

In the face of increasing enrollment and competition for group clinical experiences, the author examines and makes suggestions for the following issues: What group theory and skills are important for all nurses? How can large numbers of students be taught group skills effectively? How can a clinical experience in group dynamics be developed? and…

Describes a cross-age program in affective education to teach group process and communication skills to college students and to middle school students. The format for the undergraduate course for pre-service teachers, its field work component, and teaching techniques are described. Evaluation results and problems are discussed. (Author)

Describes a three-pronged program on teaching human relations in the classroom. (Author/RK)

This study was designed to compare the effects of residential and nonresidential laboratories in transfer of training. Subjects were middle-level managers. The results indicated no differences in transfer in the two groups. Both groups underwent substantial changes in their perspective on work problems and in their use of work-related skills. (NG)

This article discusses the use of a "group helper" to minimize anxiety about audio-taping and role-playing experiences for counselor trainees. Results of this training technique are presented. (Author/HLM)