This article presents the authors' critique of lessons proposed by the Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21). The authors initiate a discussion about content that they hope will play out in schoolhouses and statehouses across the country. They take on a different task: they present a handful of lesson ideas from P21 that could enhance studies…

Millennials, which includes persons born between 1982 and 2002, often have been characterized as a mixed bag with two over-arching variables used in describing this population: (1) the diverse nature of the group; and (2) the closeness that exists between them and their parents. In the case of the latter, millennials have a closeness to their…

Structural barriers constrain marginalized youths' development of work salience and vocational expectations. Sociopolitical development (SPD), the consciousness of, and motivation to reduce, sociopolitical inequality, may facilitate the negotiation of structural constraints. A structural model of SPD's impact on work salience and vocational…

The authors present the findings of a qualitative study (N = 33) of doctoral student persistence in counselor education programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2001). Using in-depth interviews with students representing 17 different doctoral programs, the findings revealed factors that…

A discussion of the effectiveness of training programs in terms of teacher expectations. (HB)

Two experiments examined the effects of evaluation expectation and the presence of others on creativity in undergraduate students. In both, some Ss expected that their work would be evaluated by experts, while others expected no evaluation. Evaluation expectation was crossed, in each experiment, with the presence of others. In the first…

Results obtained from 27 infants ranging in age from 10 to 12 weeks indicated that infants develop expectancies regarding how stimuli occurring in particular contexts should behave based on their prior experiences with these stimuli. (Author/RH)

Two experiments investigated the ability of 3-month-olds to acquire generalized expectancies of reward and the role of these expectancies in memory retrieval. In both experiments, infants exhibited positive transfer over invariant and variable stimulus series; however, in the second experiment, violations of either expected order produced a…

Examined whether prior expectation of death and participation of the bereaved (N=50) in funeral rituals facilitates grief adjustment. Results showed prior expectation of death was significantly related to subsequent grief adjustment. Participation in funeral rituals was important in cases in which death was unexpected. (JAC)

Tested lunar-aggression hypothesis using the aggressive penalties awarded in ice hockey over a season of competition. Interpersonal aggression was found to be unrelated to either the synodic or anomalistic cycles. Discussion centers on the persistence of lunar beliefs and their links to the literature on selective exposure and interpersonal…

Investigated the relationships between expectations and mood. Results found that negative aspects of the events anticipated tended to have stronger impact on mood than positive ones. Momentary ratings of mood also correlated with general mood levels, general optimism and extraneous factors. (Author/BL)

Two investigations were conducted to ascertain teachers' expectations for the performance of the younger siblings of learning disabled students. Results indicated that teachers held lower expectations for younger siblings of LD than of non-LD students. (Author/CL)

The study combines 2 empirical and theoretical traditions--one emphasizing individual attitudes and the other emphasizing reference group expectations--in an attempt to improve prediction of a behavioral act. (FF)