Determined if variations in counselor nonverbal behavior result in enhanced or debilitated perceptions of counselor expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and helpfulness. Three groups rated a counselor emitting nonverbal behavior at a high, moderate, or low frequency. Results indicated that low frequency counselor nonverbal behavior results…

In addition to a positive relationship between willingness to integrate and special training or knowledge, a relationship existed between perception of disruptive behavior of mainstreamed children and willingness to integrate. Results supported the contention that willingness to integrate handicapped children increased as regular class teachers…

Interaction analysis of 15 severely language deficient children revealed that Ss in a group viewed optimistically showed more ability in various ways than those in a negatively viewed group, and the difference was reflected in the teacher's speech style. (CL)

Surveyed parents (N=80) prior to clinic contact to examine congruence between parent expectations and clinic actions as to the form, duration, and process of treatment. Supported the importance of congruent expectations of treatment form and duration to acceptance of services, but not of treatment process. (JAC)

Examined the relationship between client adjustment and expectations regarding the outcome of therapy, and the nature of the relationship between expectancy and outcome in clients (N=110) at a university counseling center. Results showed no relationship between adjustment and expectancy but found a significant relationship between expectancy and…

Videotape analysis of the test performance of 15 speech and/or language handicapped preschoolers revealed that Ss' stronger performance with familiar examiners was associated with a greater duration and frequency of silence. The pattern suggested that familiar testers used silence to communicate expectation. (CL)

In a study involving 40 nonhandicapped preschoolers, the child's sex and the interaction between sex and label did not influence performance ratings, test scores, or the examiners' verbal behavior. The label "developmentally delayed," however had a negative impact on children's test scores and performance ratings. (Author/CL)

This study compared counterconditioning, expectancy and cognitive coping variables in reducing fear and anxiety of snake-phobic college students. The outcome measures of the high-expectancy placebo group and the two cognitive-coping groups were significantly superior to those of the counter-conditioning and no-treatment groups, thus supporting the…

The client's expectancy of improvement is regarded as an explanatory construct accounting, in part, for actual psychotherapeutic improvement. Issues involving the conditions under which expectancy effects have been demonstrated, the circular definition of expectancy, the attribution of causality to expectancy, expectancy versus prediction, and the…

Surveys some of the difficulties currently confronting the reinforcement concept and cosiders some alternatives to reinforcement as the fundamental basis of learning. Two specific alternatives considered are: an incentive motivation approach and a cognitive approach. (Author)

Percent of stutterings predicted accurately by 84 stutterers, ages 8-16 years, for a list of 50 words read aloud was determined. (KW)