Pretend play is common in childhood. Yet by age 4, children shown pretend and real activities in a book said they would choose to do the real activity over the pretend one. The present studies extended this research, examining children's actual behavior in laboratory and school settings (Study 1, n = 32, M = 59.32 months; and Study 2, n = 16, M…

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore differences in oral health among students by military service status in postsecondary settings. Participants: Secondary data were obtained from the American College Health Association's 2011-2014 National College Health Assessment II. Method: Demographic characteristics of the study sample were…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of home-based 'educational multi-correlates', an inter-related group of factors relating to a child's home environment, on academic achievement in a primary school in Rwanda. The specific educational multi-correlates considered in this study were parental education level, parental involvement…

This study theorizes and tests moderators (perceived availability of marijuana and age-group) of the association between adolescents' frequency of marijuana ad exposure and past-year marijuana use. To test this model, I analyzed national survey data from 9,024 American adolescents with hierarchical regression techniques. Results showed that being…

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between loneliness and smartphone addiction of students studying at the faculty of sports sciences. The study was conducted with the correlational survey method. The study group consisted of a total of 281 students, 61 females (21.7%) and 220 males (78.3%). In the study, Mobile…

Teacher education has been innovated in Brunei to support the ongoing inclusive education and curriculum reforms. This survey investigated the development of essential instructional skills in initial Brunei trainee teachers. The sample consisted of 109 student teachers (71 females and 38 males). Significant mean scores (Mean [less than or equal…

Background: Assessment is crucial for the quality of teaching and learning in physical education (PE). Currently little is known about the students' level of achievement in PE and about the parameters used for calculating the PE grades. Although there is evidence that boys are more active outside school than girls and participate more in organized…

The purpose of the study is to determine the job satisfaction levels of physical education teachers according to the variables of gender, seniority, marital status, grade and status of education. The study was conducted on a total of 103 physical education and sports teachers, 40 females and 63 males, with an average age of 40.01±6.65, working at…

The main aim of this study is, to analyze critical thinking disposition of social studies teacher candidates. The study group is consisting of totally 250 teacher candidates voluntarily who are students of education faculty at social studies department in a state university. This study is used with descriptive survey method. The "Personal…

This study examines the effects of playfulness and anxiety as perceived by users in relation to SAP enterprise resource planning (ERP) system on users' learning of business processes and users' skills to use the system. Data was collected from a survey of college students who took a course on business process integration with ERP system where…

Although optimistic expectations often enhance students' academic performance, they may also lead to academic failure if they are associated with unrealistic convictions of success. The present longitudinal study examined the moderating effects of personality factor conscientiousness and gender on the relationship between dispositional optimism…

Eisenberg, Cumberland, and Spinrad (1998; Eisenberg, Spinrad, & Cumberland, 1998) included parent-child attachment as a key dimension of the early emotion socialization environment. We examined processes linking children's early attachment with social regulation and adjustment in preadolescence in 102 community mothers, fathers, and children.…

This research was designed with the aim of determining whether the self-confidence behaviors and leadership behaviors of students who are placed on the basis of YGS points and the aptitude tests of Kocaeli University differ in terms of various demographical characteristics and making suggestions on the basis of research. The research population…

The study was a pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent control group quasi-experiment, involving students in intact classes. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The population and sample for the study consisted of all 64 National Technical Certificate (NTC) II students of fabrication and welding engineering craft practice…

Studies of early writing recognize that learning to write is a complex process requiring students to attend to the composition of the text and the transcription of the ideas. The research discussed here examined six dimensions of early writing--text structure, sentence structure, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation, and handwriting--and how each…