Counseling psychologists working in a variety of settings were surveyed about the effects and modifiability of unrealistic client expectations about counseling. Responses indicate that clients' unrealistic expectations generally have a detrimental effect on counseling and are difficult to modify. (LKS)

Of 64 participants in leadership training, 32 received an informative, optimistic preview and 32 a realistic (positive and negative) preview. Findings showed the optimistic preview had more positive impact on expectations, motivation, learning, attitudes, and transfer of learning. (SK)

A modified Visual Expectation Paradigm assessed the role of picture content in the spatiotemporal expectations of 80 infants. Stable picture content information facilitated formation of expectations about when and where pictures would appear. Two month olds' reactions were consistently slower than those of three month olds.(LB)

Responses from 284 of 428 college faculty found a significant relationship between research self-efficacy and productivity and between self-efficacy and causal attributions. Males reported significantly stronger self-efficacy beliefs, greater time spent in research, and greater productivity than did females. (SK)

Found alcohol expectancies that discriminated between problem- and non-problem-drinking college students (n=1,148). Expectancy profile that distinguished female problem drinkers from female nonproblem drinkers was relatively distinct from profile that separated these types of drinkers among men. Alcohol expectancy with strongest discriminating…

This article describes communicative norms associated with two clinical discourse styles (adult centered and child centered) and explores the ethnographic concepts of thick description and indefinite triangulation in utterance interpretations. Clinicians are urged to evaluate client utterances from multiple communicative perspectives. (DB)

Investigated expectations that 131 single female and 103 male college students had for themselves and their future marital partners. Genders did not differ on expectations for personal success but did differ on expectations for success of future marital partner. Women expected more success for future husbands than men expected for wives.…

A discussion of cultural stereotypes and civilization instruction focuses on means of sensitizing language students to their own and other cultures. Exercises are offered in seeing the Italians as seen by the French, the French as seen by Italians, and the French as they view themselves. (MSE)

According to interviews with six managers in a retail firm facing potential sale, the preacquisition stage of a merger is stressful. Feelings of insecurity, uncertainty, threat, and loss of control affect managers' work. Early intervention is needed to assist them with the range of emotions and expectation they experience. (SK)

According to a survey of 148 small business employers, schools should teach youngsters basic math, reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills, along with specialized skills needed for technology, business, public service, personal service, health, and consumer occupations. Schools should also teach good grooming, healthy habits, and the…

In 3 experiments, 123, 70, and 60 college students indicated that others might reduce effort in a situation where they expect failure as a strategy to protect their perceptions of ability, but that they themselves would not. Reduced effort when threatened by failure may not be intentional. (SLD)

The Alliance for Achievement Network has given the principal of Kingston (Illinois) Elementary School a framework for bridging the gap between school and home. Since September 1990, she and other school council members have worked to adopt a school constitution, select school-community values, write goal statements, and set expectations for…

School administrators, like politicians, ministers, and police officers, inevitably draw critics because they hold highly visible jobs. Their Achilles heel is their children, who frequently suffer physical and emotional abuse, unreasonable scrutiny, and even anxiety attacks resulting from controversial decisions reverberating through the…

Examined relationship between alcohol expectancies and drinking behavior among Irish- (n=15), Italian- (n=15), and Hispanic- (n=15) American female college students. Found that, although relationship existed between drinking outcome expectancies and ethnic drinking behavior, its degree and precise nature varied by group. Different expectancy…

Preparation of teacher/scholars in nursing requires emphasis and value on undergraduate teaching, clinical practice, and scholarly inquiry. Collaboration with other doctoral programs and reward for teaching excellence are other ways to foster teacher/scholars. (SK)