Studied issues of leniency in ratings of teachers provided by their students. Data from 224 classes suggest that individuals may form a mental comparison between how they expect to be graded in a given class with how they have been rated, or expected to be rated, in other classes. This comparison then leaves the individual satisfied or…

Seniors (n=20) assessed two job offers with differences in domain (salary/tasks), delay (career-long earnings), and magnitude (initial salary offer). Contrary to discounted utility theory, choices reflected nonconstant discount rates for future salary/tasks (delay effect), lower discount rates for salary/preferred tasks (magnitude effect), and a…

Reports on a three-year inquiry into intertextuality in early grade classrooms. Identifies intertextual conflicts during teacher-class interactions where teachers are reading texts and guiding children to read. Concludes the greater power of mandated syllabi over teachers and the greater power of teachers over children make intertextuality a…

Although no school leader likes media coverage of sensitive issues, handling them forthrightly and candidly benefits everyone. The three major facets of an effective media campaign include realistic expectations of the media, personalizing media relations, and controlling both access and message. (MLH)

Teachers have many expectations for students that are never explicitly verbalized. The Yale Practical Intelligence for School curriculum is based on three kinds of tacit knowledge necessary for adapting to any environment: managing oneself, managing tasks, and working with others. Includes 16 references. (MLH)

Used data from 945 adults to distinguish 6 categories of parental status. Examined extent to which variations in normative expectedness of parental experiences explained differences in well-being. Findings suggest that parental situation effects vary by gender and economic pressures. Childlessness past age 30 had greater negative impact for women;…

When the stimulus to be intercepted traveled at slow or moderate speeds, subjects' (N=18) expectancies did not modify choice reaction time (CRT) and movement time. However, when the stimulus traveled at fast speed, CRT was reduced as a function of event probability, at the cost of more response initiation errors. (IAH)

Discusses expectations held by client beginning a job search. Describes Ellis's Rational-Emotive Therapy, designed to teach clients to think rationally prior to the job search. Assesses various irrational beliefs surrounding the job search. Concludes that clients can be taught to combat irrational expectations. (Author/BHK)

Student recruitment for doctoral programs in educational administration is an important topic that has escaped experimental study. In a recent study, reactions of female and male teachers, as potential administrator candidates, were more positive when recruitment brochures stressed program requirements and expectations, rather than the…

Homework probably involves the complex interaction of more influences than any other instructional device. Because of differing home environments, homework fails as the great equalizer. Homework's value is also influenced by student characteristics, subject matter, and especially grade level. Guidelines and recommendations are provided. Includes…

Boys expected less guilt and less parental disapproval for aggression than did girls. When provoked, children expected more tangible rewards, less guilt, and less parental disapproval than when not provoked. (RH)

Explores the unique time-related stresses on the adult educator and the implications for educational institutions. Focuses on extension education as a specific case and how an effort to redirect programing can increase time-related stress. (JOW)

College students (N=64), divided into 10 groups, completed the Personal Anticipations Questionnaire prior to group experience, Group Attitude Scale several times during group experience, and Group Satisfaction Scale following group experience. Results showed that group member expectations were related to group cohesion or attraction to group.…

Administered anticipated adjustment form of Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) to entering college freshmen majoring in science or engineering, then administered actual adjustment form in October of freshman year. Results support use of SACQ for this group. Comparison of results from anticipated and actual adjustment forms suggests…

Expected value judgments of 5- through 10-year-olds were studied by having children view roulette-type games and make judgments of how happy a puppet playing the game would be. Even the youngest children showed some understanding of probability dependence, with children under eight using an additive integration rule and children eight and older…