Two groups of classroom teachers (N=36) and two groups of teacher trainees (N=36) were asked to complete behavior checklists for a hypothetical child labeled normal or emotionally disturbed and for a videotaped child labeled normal or emotionally disturbed. Analysis of results indicated that teachers and trainees held quantitatively similar…

Forty special education teachers were asked to make decisions about a fourth grade boy who was portrayed as learning disabled or emotionally disturbed and who exhibited either high or low competence. Classroom placement decisions and future performance predictions were found to be a function of the child's perceived competence. Results were…

In a federal correctional institution, cognitive and behavioral variables related to the inmates' loss of freedom and their attempts at reestablishing freedom within the boundaries of the institution were collected. Variables were: (1) personal variables (age, sex, education, etc.); (2) perceptions about life and freedoms in the institution; (3)…

Empirical Bayes point estimates of true score may be obtained if the distribution of observed score for a fixed examinee is approximated in one of several ways by a well-known compound binomial model. The Bayes estimates of true score may be expressed in terms of the observed score distribution and the distribution of a hypothetical binomial test.…

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of time perspective on performance expectancies and the subjective evaluation of outcomes in regard to a task at which subjects had previously succeeded or failed. Subjects first succeeded or failed on either an easy or difficult task. They then stated performance expectancies and made…

A new basic algorithm is discussed that may be used to do factor analysis by any of these three methods: (1) unweighted least squares, (2) generalized least squares, or (3) maximum likelihood. (CK)

This study in parametric test theory deals with the statistics of reliability estimation when scores on two parts of a test follow a binormal distribution with equal (case 1) or unequal (case 2) expectations. In each case biased maximum-likelihood estimators of reliability are obtained and converted into unbiased estimators. Sampling distributions…

A course in forming medium size pottery on the potter's wheel and developing skill to reproduce matching forms is presented. Abilities which will be expected of the student at the end of the course include: (1) defining important terms relating to pottery, (2) identifying and differentiating between certain aspects of ceramic art, and (3)…

This paper explores two aspects of student evaluations of college teaching: (1) a reformulation of end-of-term ratings, by defining them in relation to initial student expectations; and (2) it presents a research design which studies this reformulation in the natural setting of the classroom. An expectations instrument, using semantic differential…

The relationship between satisfaction and need hierarchies as a function of high risk (HR) or low risk (LR) in a job was examined. Results indicated that there were significant differences in satisfaction for a set of 25 job characteristics between HR (N=93) and LR (N=82) workers. In contrast, there were no real differences in need hierarchies for…

Teacher expectations are the key factor in the design of a therapeutic learning environment which will increase student retention, improve levels of learning, and result in better student motivation. Five specific suggestions are made by which teachers can demonstrate positive expectations for students.

Results indicate that an interviewer who begins an interview with an unfavorable expectancy may tend to give an applicant less credit for past accomplishments, may blame the applicant more for past failures, and may be more likely to decide that the applicant is unacceptable. (Author/IRT)

The major intent of this research was to provide a further test of the relationships between physiological arousal and event probability by experimentally generating subjective expectancies for shock. The relationship of event probability to stress was discussed with respect to length of the anticipatory periods and methods used to establish…