Proposed that, when faced with highly desirable but uncertain outcomes, people may employ cognitive strategies in an attempt to influence their future affective responses to the outcomes in question. Demonstrated the use of two such strategies. (Author)

Tested a prediction model of trainees' general expectations for the supervisory process. Practicum students (N=82) completed a self-efficacy inventory and indicated their outcome expectancies for supervision. In general, trainees expected supervisors to be significantly more trustworthy than expert, more expert than attractive, and more evaluative…

The hypothesis was tested that the direction of the relationship between the level of ego development of adult caretakers and the degree of sex-stereotyping in their expectations for adolescents would vary as a function of the adolescents' level of ego maturity. (Author)

An assessment of Canadian parents' expectations indicated that parents do expect career education to be an integral part of the curriculum. Whether governments mandate compulsory career education in secondary schools in particular will depend on the province. Some implementation suggestions for the school board are given. (NQA)

The concept of career contingency is used to illustrate that the physical education teacher in a modern high school undergoes similar role conflicts and negotiates his/her social reality in ways similar to those of workers who occupy roles in other professions. (Author/NQA)

This study investigated the extent to which expectancies and performance of emotionally handicapped children could be altered by success or failure-induced experiences. Students were assigned to either of two experimental conditions. Results indicated that success and failure on a task were influential on subsequent expectancy estimates and…

This study examined the joint effects of teachers' expectations about students and vice versa on the performance and attitudes of both participants. Results showed that student performance was a function of the teacher's expectations. (Author/GK)

Examined role expectations and realities among Italian-American, single, older women and their daughters. Found the quality of the relationships quite high. Results showed high consensus for the expectations and realities. A greater number of specific resources were expected and received of daughters. (Author)

Examined six dimensions of expectations of divorced men and women along the continuum of traditionalism versus egalitarianism in sex roles. Data suggested that women, more than men, view marriage role responsibilities evenly applying to both sexes. (Author)

Studied relationship between preparenthood expectations and problems associated with the transition to parenthood. Parents expecting their first child completed a questionnaire before and after childbirth. Expectations did not differ significantly from subsequent perceptions of parenthood; however, mothers with less accurate expectations had more…

Examined influences on therapists' expectancies of four variables. Counselors at three training levels completed the Therapist Expectancy Inventory. Significant differences were found for therapist gender, professional affiliation, and level of training; client gender effect was not significant. Concluded therapists' judgments about clients are a…

A review of several well-known studies of schooling suggests that schools--and their principals--can indeed make a difference. The authors suggest four keys to improving the training and practice of the building principal. (Author)

Obese persons about to enter a group program intended to produce "conditioned satiety" were asked to estimate their weight loss. Their outcome expectation correlated significantly with weight loss recorded seven weeks later. However, the magnitude of expected weight loss exceeded the actual amount of weight lost. (Author)

College students learning they had done well or poorly on an examination were asked to evaluate the cause of the outcome, describe affective reactions, and estimate expectations about future test performances. Results support the contention that academic failure needn't lead to losses in achievement motivation, depression, or frustration.…

Studies of the adult cycle often concentrate on ordered life events. Researchers deny importance to unanticipated events. However, for women at middle age, trends in the number of divorces, widows, and women entering the labor force indicate that unanticipated events are of central importance in assessing women's experience. (Author)