Suggests that professional training does not always adequately prepare women to enter and manage university careers. Concludes that women often encounter barriers because they may not know "how to play the game." Proposes two models that provide powerful tools women can use to evaluate their work settings, form realistic expectations, and…

Responses from 227 of 389 female and 161 of 333 male college business seniors found that, although expecting similar starting salaries, women anticipate considerably lower earnings in subsequent years. The difference was not explained by the number of years women planned to be in the labor force. (SK)

Findings from university students (n=92) who sought career counseling suggest that clients have fairly clear ideas about what they want from career counseling and about what the experience should be like. Clients appeared less certain about what career counseling would actually be like and were less optimistic about it. (Author/NB)

Responds to concerns raised by Tracey and Tinsley in previous articles which looked at Galassi et al.'s article on client anticipations and preferences regarding career counseling. Asserts that research in new area should incorporate variety of methods and philosophies including those that are more empirical or discovery-oriented in focus rather…

Analysis of essays comparing experiences in gifted and regular classes written by sixth grade gifted students found that many students felt teachers and peers outside the gifted class had unfair expectations of them. Other topics addressed by students included grading, group work, lack of acknowledgement for effort, treatment by peers, and teacher…

Examines whether violations that are incongruent with student expectations are significantly different than congruent violations of expectancy in relation to student ratings of instruction. Shows that college students having high expectations/high experiences evaluated teachers more favorably than students with low expectations/high experiences,…

Administered Anticipatory Grief Scale (AGS) and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-SCL-90-R to 27 wives who were caring for their spouses suffering from dementia. Alpha coefficient for AGS was 0.84, indicating good internal consistency. AGC was positively and significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, and hostility dimensions of SCL-90-R,…

Subjective life expectancy, death anxiety, and health behavior were assessed in college students (n=36) with at least one parent who died prematurely of illness (PD group) and students (n=36) with both parents alive (PA group). PD group estimated their life expectancy to be shorter than the PA; subgroup of PD reported poorer diet. (Author/ABL)

Studied 50 Native American and 50 white preschoolers. White preschoolers exhibited social skills more frequently according to the ratings of their teachers and parents than did Native Americans. Parents and teachers showed moderate agreement in ratings of frequency of expression of social skills by Native American preschoolers and in ratings of…

To make best use of consultants, administrators must furnish purpose, goals, and sufficient information to do the job. Paving the way for consultation can spell the difference between nonthreatening, efficient counseling that produces workable solutions and a situation marked by a suspicious, uncooperative staff and expensive delays. (MLH)

Colleges can improve their chances of hiring an appropriate consultant by knowing what they wish to accomplish; knowing what results to expect; identifying possible consultants; choosing an individual with expertise in the primary area of concern; arranging and understanding the consultant's presentation; and remaining flexible during the…

A case study is presented of an eight-year-old girl who, despite very high intelligence in general, exhibited underachievement in math. By modifying her self-defeating definitions of task difficulty, educators and her parents were able to encourage her and improve her math achievement to be commensurate with her general intelligence. (Author/PB)

Adult and continuing education tutors (n=50) surveyed favored a range of teaching techniques, including experiential, but some viewed the latter as unsuitable. Role play, simulation, and gaming were not frequently used. Tutors preferred to develop their own methods and materials and believed their students expected traditional methods. (SK)

Two experiments with 112 college students investigated how subjects might modulate their reading strategies as a function of how they expect to be tested. Test-expectancy subjects, regardless of the test expected, are more apt to identify and focus on important information than are subjects without a specific test expectancy. (SLD)

Presents the results of a study that investigated the ways individuals expected drinking to affect their leisure experiences, and the relationship of those expectancies to alcohol consumption patterns. Data from a sample of 144 adults indicated they expected alcohol to positively affect their leisure experiences. (SM)