Examines physician-patient communication as it relates to expectations that patients and physicians hold for themselves and each other. Determines that dimensions of mutual role expectation were physician as humanistic practitioner, physician authority, patient in the sick role, and patient as consumer. Finds that patients had significantly higher…

A study with 118 high school students tested the hypothesis that anxiety concerning examinations covering different subjects (the Scholastic Assessment Test) is an additive function of dispositional text anxiety and the anticipated results of individual tests. Results indicate that the anxiety associated with different exams is an incremental…

Reports on two stages of an investigation into the perceived quality of online databases. Presents data from 989 questionnaires from 600 database users in 12 European and Scandinavian countries and results of a test of the SERVQUAL methodology for identifying user expectations about database services. Lists statements used in the SERVQUAL survey.…

Elementary school, secondary school, and college students rated 12 jobs divided between primarily female, primarily male, and gender-neutral occupations according to how much they should make if they were in the occupation. A significant interaction was found between type of job and gender for pay expectations. Suggestions for use in applied…

Examines the differences in marital satisfaction across couple type. Indicates that traditional couple types generally reported more expectancy fulfillment and relational satisfaction than did other couple types. Suggests that "separates" experienced more negative violations than did other couple types. (CR)

Introduces an exercise to help students develop a general concept of excellence, and to consider their own specific problems with academic excellence. Asks students to read an article on excellence in sports, work through a formal discussion of the article, and adapt the theory to academics. (DSK)

A literature review indicated that teachers have different beliefs about male and female students, tend to stereotype math as male, overrate males' math capability, and have higher expectations for males. These beliefs were found in both male and female teachers, though there were some nuances. (57 references) (SK)

Investigated value priorities and autonomy expectations in 59 pairs of Caucasian and 66 pairs of Asian teenagers and their mothers in Hong Kong. Findings support models that predict persistent family interdependence despite adoption of many individualist values in modernizing collectivist cultures. (SLD)

Two studies examined whether 1-year olds' name learning during joint attention was guided by expectation that names will be in the form of spoken words. Results showed that 13-month olds, but not 20-month olds, learned a new sound/object correspondence, as evidenced by their choosing targets reliably in responses to hearing the word or sound on…

Adolescents, especially gifted ones, may be susceptible to lack of interest in their future. Although many will develop their gifts, they may require guidance and modeling to enhance emotional, social, and philosophical growth. Suggests a team approach is needed to implement the following solutions: (a) nourish students socially, (b) teach methods…

Examines differences in the perceptions of initial careers guidance interviews as expressed by pupils and careers advisers. Results suggest a range of differences between careers advisers' and pupils' expectations, recall, and evaluations of interviews. However, both participants' overall satisfaction was significantly related to the interpersonal…

Sixty-one clinical psychologists evaluated a case summary of an adult client which incorporated indicators of possible sexual abuse. Significantly more clinicians hypothesized that the female client (compared to the male client) had been sexually abused in childhood. More recently qualified clinicians and clinicians whose predominant orientation…

Argues that peer evaluation can work effectively if the teacher realizes that success should be measured more in long-term, cumulative benefits than in the immediate success or failure. Uses a fictitious scenario involving a teacher's first efforts at peer editing to make the above point. (TB)

The history of university research suggests that it has generated a form of social contract, previously implicit but becoming explicit, due in part to the emerging links between government and university. This contract has changed over time and will become even more compelling. Educators are urged to view this as an opportunity for finding new…

Studies respondents with spinal cord injuries. Shows their causal attributions for the event are distinguishable from their perceptions of availability, the latter frequently focusing on mutable aspects of their own behavior. Discusses research results. Implications for the study of self-blame and perceived availability are discussed. (KW)