The nature of the professional interaction between the pharmacist and the patient was explored, with data collected from 3,743 questions asked of 16 pharmacists during an 8-week period. Factors that might affect the nature of the pharmacist-patient interaction are identified along with a cognitive-based profile of patient wants. (LBH)

Research on the effect of teacher expectations on student performance is considered as it relates to the reading teacher. (SBH)

Explored variations in religious orientations and their potential connections with expectations for paid work in the future among 318 female college seniors. Results revealed a connection between religious devoutness and expected paid labor force continuity among women. Regardless of denominational label, being more devout apparently tended to…

Presents 10 irrational vocational expectations of clients concerning vocations, counselors, tests, the self, and the decision-making process, together with rational arguments to confront each expectation. Notes that counselors are imperfect and that clients must come to grips with the imperfection of vocations, counseling, and themselves. (ABB)

The results of Seaver's (1973) quasi-experimental study of the effects of teacher expectancies on student achievement based on older sibling performance are reinterpreted as a regression artifact. That this rival explanation has not been recognized in the literature is probably due to the effects of researcher expectancies. (Author/BS)

Learning-disabled (N=48) and nonlearning-disabled (N=48) fourth- and fifth-grade boys were given a task and told they had either succeeded or failed. Results indicated that learning-disabled subjects showed greater persistence, attributed outcomes to external factors, and did not exhibit lower performance expectations nor show greater expectancy…

Research indicates that students achieve better when teachers have a wide array of skills and adapt these skills to different contexts. Teachers differ on how they perform these instructional behaviors. This article shows that attempts to improve student achievement must be based on the development of more effective teaching behavior. (Author/VM)

Thirty first-born infants were filmed in face-to-face interaction with their mothers and unfamiliar adults each month between 1 and 7 months of age. Adults interacted both playfully and unresponsively. Developmental trends, differential responsiveness to mothers and strangers, and social expectations in face-to-face interaction were explored.…

Students from a high school psychology class were subjects in a study of the effect of tutorials versus study time on student performance. Tutoring produced content knowledge for tutors who worked with partners. (LMO)

Results of interviewing teachers (N=22) of secondary educable mentally retarded (EMR) students indicated that teachers believe most of their students expect to marry and have children though teachers saw great variations in potential parenting abilities. A course in intimate social relationships and parenting for secondary EMR students is…

A recent study found that kindergartens in Ohio have become skill-based, academically oriented programs that young children can fail. Children are not the only victims; many teachers, principals, and supervisors are experiencing stress resulting from the increasing emphasis on academics in kindergarten programs. Parental and societal aspirations…

Conducted two studies on effects of gender and drinking experience on dose-related alcohol expectancies. Found dose-related alcohol expectancies to be influenced by gender and drinking experience. Degree of influence depended on whether expectancies were being assessed for self or another person. Results have implications for social drinking…

Provides historical perspective on moral education, discusses links between morality and religion, and recommends several actions to help develop morally mature individuals to ensure the existence of a just and caring society. Insets detail characteristics of morally mature persons and list members of the ASCD Panel of Moral Education. Includes 14…

The article discusses generalization in use of learning strategies with the mildly disabled and presents a generalization model. Major research findings indicate the importance of explicit instruction in generalization, teacher expectation of strategy generalization, and feedback. Seven areas of research needs (such as motivation and metacognition…

Schools should be raising expectations of students, preparing them to apply knowledge, to solve problems, to make choices, and to participate in setting priorities. This maximizes their chances for survival in a rapidly shifting and diversifying job market. Schools should also educate students for citizenship. (MT)