A meta-analysis including 96 experimental studies considers the effects of reinforcement/reward on intrinsic motivation. Results indicate that reward does not decrease intrinsic motivation, although interaction effects must be examined. An analysis with five studies also indicates that reinforcement does not harm intrinsic motivation. (SLD)

Interviews with federal, state, and local officials about the federally funded youth-at-risk grant program found that federal and state philosophy and goals were similarly focused on developing community coalitions to address youth issues, whereas local leaders focused on developing school-age child care activities and viewed coalition-building as…

Based on 2 years' experience with 30 principals learning and applying a school-based, school-defined improvement procedure, this article discusses 3 sources of resistance to shared decision making presented in a principals' center environment: certain principals' personality characteristics, teaching staff composition in certain schools, and…

Criticizes previous article by Galassi, Crace, Martin, James, and Wallace on client anticipations and preferences regarding career counseling. Criticisms focus on theoretical grounding of the study, assessment format, data analysis, and data interpretation. (Author/NB)

Responds to previous article by Galassi et al. on client anticipations and preferences regarding career counseling. Shows Galassi et al.'s criticisms of Tinsley and Benton and the Expectations about Counseling instrument to be unfounded, discusses problems with terminology, and analyzes technical adequacy and findings of Galassi et al. Also…

A predominantly African-American middle school in Baltimore, Maryland, developed a college exploratory program. The "Paving the Way" checklist suggests that students establish good academic skills, begin a savings plan, explore careers, and visit local colleges. Administrators must help increase the number of students who view themselves as…

Compared patient and spousal perceived support during the cardiac surgery recovery period and explored effects of social support on patient/spouse subjective mood states for 117 couples. Social support buffered the impact of caregiving burden on mood disturbance for caregiving spouses but did not significantly impact physical or mental health…

New college fundraisers are encouraged to be optimistic, act confident, ask for a specific amount, and expect a positive answer when requesting a donation. Anecdotal evidence illustrates how effective this approach can be, and how the benefits extend beyond achieving a fundraising goal to inspire others about the college. (MSE)

Extended construct validity of Farmer's (1984) Home-Career-Conflict Measure (H-C) by exploring its relationship with measure of perceived sex role expectations of significant others. Single female college students (n=97) completed the H-C and the Attitudes toward Sex Roles scale. Findings indicated that significantly higher home-career conflict…

Identifies nine necessary ingredients for replacing tracking with heterogeneous grouping alternatives: a belief that all students can learn, an orientation to institutional change, high expectations for all students, a partnership of leaders and teachers, committed parents, a hospitable policy context, a multiyear plan, purposeful professional…

Tracked the college careers of 378 students who entered college through a special program for academically underprepared students. Results indicated that students' academic self-concept and achievement expectancies were related to their subsequent school withdrawal. Found differences in the relationship between attitudes and school withdrawal of…

Negative attitudes and stereotypes of Africans by expatriate managers and trainers retard human resource development. Instead of importing "remedies," collaborative research on the indigenous contexts of African problems will lead to appropriate solutions. (SK)

Discusses studies that form the knowledge base for teaching culturally diverse students, offering insights into competencies teachers must acquire to be effective in multicultural settings (communicating with diverse learners, knowing subjects and students, teaching reflectively, identifying resources, creating a supportive context, developing…

A random sample of 320 male and female undergraduates at an independent university were surveyed by telephone concerning their education and their expectations for careers and family life. The orientation and plans of these students do not anticipate symmetrical relationships in which men and women share household and work responsibilities. (DM)

Examined career aspirations and expectations of Black (n=126), Mexican-American (n=107), and White (n=633) college freshmen. There appeared to be more gender than ethnic differences in students' career aspirations/expectations. Differences in career aspirations and expectations among Mexican-American and White students followed traditional gender…