Helps physical educators objectively assess their interaction patterns with students and make necessary changes. After videotaping their class, they can tabulate interactions with students, examining such issues as whether they are leaving out certain children, whether management drives instruction, whether certain students repeatedly demand…

Examines the extent to which career decision-making efficacy and outcome expectations relate to career indecision and exploration intentions. Results, based on a multiple regression model and 350 participants, indicate that self-efficacy beliefs are the best predictor of career indecision, whereas outcome expectations are the best predictor of…

Two types of market-referent information--number of applications filed and amount of information about wages--were significantly related to turnover for a sample of 152 entry-level, part-time workers. Differences between beginning wage and wage expected were also related to turnover. Referent choice theory proved useful for studying job search…

Interviews with 19 South African university teachers addressed how they view their teaching task, what they expect of students, what they think students expect of them. A primary finding was that conception of the teaching role appeared subject- and content-centered, suggesting that faculty development activities should help teachers develop an…

Distance (n=37) and campus-based (n=68) nursing students completed the Learning Support Needs Questionnaire. Both groups had significant learning support needs. The distance group had lower expectations of support, and the campus-based group was significantly less satisfied with support. (Contains 31 references.) (SK)

A principal must identify a school's existing culture before attempting to change it. Expectation diagnosis is an interactive, four-step process for diagnosing and reshaping school culture and climate. Superintendents who ignore individual schools' climate and culture may be overlooking early indicators of declining achievement. (MLH)

Expectations for the principalship have mushroomed during the past 20 years. Principals are key reform agents and held mercilessly accountable. Candidates are in short supply. Capable principals are great assets, not heroic beings. Leadership is not centrally vested and must be distributed more broadly. (Contains 36 references.) (MLH)

This article summarizes goals for mathematics achievement for all students and proposes a key model for teaching math to students at-risk of failure. The six teeth of the key are labeled: meaningful, explicit, informal, (de)situational, social, and teacher-specific. The lock pins are engagement, foundations, institutions, transfer, cultural…

Program planners must be aware of the purposes of professional continuing education and the organization's expectations of it. For example, continuing medical education may be expected to expand clinical practice by generating patient referrals from participating physicians. (SK)

Describes a longitudinal study of the literacy development of three children prenatally exposed to drugs. Discovers, after three years of observation, that each child was very different from the others. Challenges educators to reconsider their assumptions about such children. (SR)

Three experiments tested the hypothesis that comparison information about other people's stereotypic beliefs is used to validate personal beliefs about a target group. A simple manipulation of questionnaire items and their response scales, presented as part of a political opinion survey, served as social comparison information regarding beliefs…

The Policy Forum estimates that only about one-quarter of today's principals (20,000 out of 80,000) possess essential instructional leadership skills. Facing contradictory expectations, principals are often confused about whom to please and how to do their jobs. The Principal's Leadership Institute can help with specific improvement plans. (MLH)

Examines whether parents are involved differently with the education of their adolescent daughters and sons. Results show that parents help daughters and sons in different ways. Findings are discussed in terms of parents' traditional socialization practices versus a shift in parental treatment in response to social trends. (Author/MKA)

Effective followership (mirroring a leader's mission) involves several strategies: concentrating on becoming a team player, demonstrating a strong work ethic, adhering to high individual expectations and possessing high self-regard, projecting optimism, and practicing interpersonal intelligence. (MLH)

Data from the National Survey of Children were used to test the hypothesis that lower educational goals and achievement is associated with initiating sexual intercourse at a younger age. Adolescents who had lower educational goals and who performed at lower academic levels were more likely to engage in sexual intercourse earlier. This was true for…