Examined a classroom in which fourth graders' questions dominated the discourse, investigating how the teacher reduced forces that discourage student questions in instruction. Observation and interview data indicated that the teacher respected her students as well-intentioned learners, viewed the assumptions revealed by student questions as steps…

Reviews the basic principles of behaviorology, beginning with the work of B.F. Skinner, examining how these principles can be applied in creating responsive learning environments and delineating a system of steps needed to transform an ineffective instructional situation, characterized by chronic failure, into a learning environment that is…

Parents' reports of their child-rearing expectations and intentions were measured for 184 low-income urban families when children were in the third and fifth grades. Parenting strategies were stable over time. Parenting strategies were related to measures of adjustment at school, behavior problems in the home, academic achievement, and…

Presents discipline tips from several teachers to keep classrooms running smoothly all year. Some of the suggestions include the following: a bear-cave warning system, peer mediation, a motivational mystery, problem students acting as the teacher's assistant, a positive-behavior-reward chain, a hallway scavenger hunt (to ensure quiet passage…

Argues that alternative education can promote excellence and high expectations within a nontraditional school setting, with educators rethinking key assumptions, and using a progressive education model with problem solving as a central feature. (SR)

Interviews with eight experienced teachers explored how they developed core beliefs about student learning and how the beliefs had changed. Results indicated that all of the teachers' current beliefs about learning resulted from development or change during their career. Most teachers learned cumulatively from experience. Development and change of…

A study investigated classroom dynamics and 13 young children at risk for the development of serious emotional disturbances (SED) as compared to 13 typical peers. Students at risk of SED were generally rejected by teachers, spent less time academically engaged, and received more negative or neutral nonacademic teacher feedback. (Author/CR)

A study that investigated the satisfaction of 60 Australian stroke survivors with their rehabilitative progress over 12 months found satisfaction with progress improved with time and was influenced by the return to previous lifestyle activities, depression, family functioning, understanding of stroke, and clarity of expectations on admission to…

Provides a historical perspective of the classroom-management context, noting that certain classroom-management principles are applicable to the range of possible instructional strategies and concluding that management systems should support instructional systems and student roles should be clearly articulated in the planning process for…

The achievement goals of 127 sets of parents and perfectionism in their academically talented children (56% boys) were studied. Children of performance goal, rather than learning goal, parents were more likely to exhibit dysfunctional perfectionism, with a combination of concern about mistakes and doubts about actions, parental expectations, and…

Compared construction of meaning in poetry for experts (PhD English candidates) and novices (undergraduates or high school students). Found that for experts, knowledge was an important component of poetic communication. Novices had well-developed expectations for understanding poetry as discourse. Experts used productive interpretive strategies to…

Two experiments used Visual Expectations Procedure to investigate development of expectations in infants up to 12 months old. Reaction time improved and the percentage of anticipations increased between 6 and 9 months using an alternation pattern or a complex pivot pattern, and between 4 and 8 months when using a left-right alternation or a…

This article urges academe to reconsider how it defines, rewards, and supports scholarship. Noting that only 10-15% of college professors publish regularly, it suggests that faculty are distanced from their work because of a discrepancy between what they want to do and perceived institutional expectations. A survey of professional development…

Reviews the history and prevalence of teenage pregnancy and parenthood in the United States. Focuses on a somatic reaction called the Couvade Syndrome (CS) whereby expectant fathers experience the physical symptoms of their pregnant partners as it relates to teenage fathers. Notes that the effects of CS can be mitigated by school counselors. (KW)

Longitudinal data from the National Youth Survey indicate that, in general, social control variables, such as attachment to family and educational aspirations, significantly predicted sexual activity among white adolescents, while strain variables, such as perceived inability to achieve educational goals, predicted sexual behavior of black…