Four tests, ostensibly designed to measure IQ, were described to internally and externally oriented subjects. For two of the tests, the experimenter's descriptions of the tests included "built-in" rationalizations designed to provide the subjects with potential explanations for any test failures. Externals demonstrated greater preference for the…

The present study investigated the relationship between locus of control and defensive style as assessed by the Defensive Mechanism Inventory (DMI). (Author)

This study examined empirically the structure of the powerlessness construct and compared the factorial structure of the concept across racial groups. The results suggested that powerlessness can be meaningfully interpreted as a general concept. However, with respect to the factorial structure of the individual dimensions of powerlessness, enough…

This study directly examined gender differences in the perception of the dimensional properties of causal attributions using a non-academic setting. Participants were 77 employees (31 males, 46 females) of four local financial institutions in Oklahoma. Questionnaires presented a success or failure scenario within either an affiliation (compliment…

All chronic illnesses represent assaults on multiple areas of functioning, not just the body. To examine the association between painful chronic illnesses and depression from a cognitive-behavioral perspective, 100 patients of the Pain Management Program at the West Haven, Connecticut Veterans Administration Hospital (78% males) completed a…

Considerable attention in recent years has focused on the consequences of social comparisons and has suggested that learning that one's outcomes or abilities compare unfavorably to others' is an unpleasant, if not painful experience. Indeed, upward comparisons have been shown to result in negative affect, loss of self-esteem, stress symptoms, and…

Perceived locus of causality is an important factor in assessing the impact of prior success or failure on later performance. In order to examine the effects of internal (self) versus external (partner) attributions on subsequent performance, two studies were conducted. In the first study 80 female undergradutes worked on a series of mazes with an…

This study examined psychological, behavioral, environmental, and sociodemographic predictors of health status in 87 mid-life women participating in a longitudinal investigation. Correlates of good health were found to be an optimistic disposition, internal locus of control, education, income, employment outside the home, moderate exercise, and…

The Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire, which measures perceived locus of control of academic outcomes, was administered to 28 emotionally handicapped (EH) and 25 learning disabled (LD)/EH children. Between group comparison revealed that EH children took significantly more personal responsibility for academic failure than did…

Higher drive or achievement motivation was found among recent Southern black immigrants as compared with a matched group of northern blacks. However, there was no support for hypothesized differences in attribution of responsibility or locus of control. (EH)

Offers suggestions for classroom strategies which are congruent with the development of more internal expectancies dealing with the locus of control-learning effectiveness relationship. (RB)

Results of an investigation to determine if differential study habits between internal and external individuals could be a significant factor in the link between locus of control and academic achievement indicate that the study habits are an important factor. (Author/KM)

The present study attempted to predict locus of control orientation from responses given to TAT cards by both male and female Ss. (Author)

This investigation was designed to provide information about two issues: the nature of internal-external differences in self-reinforcement behavior and the source of those differences. (Author/RK)

Encourages professionals in helping relationships to explore and experience biofeedback training for voluntary self-regulation. A sample biofeedback training program is described. Observations of participants in biofeedback programs are presented. (Author/BW)