Regression analysis is one of the more common analytic tools used by researchers. However, multicollinearity between the predictor variables can cause problems in using the results of regression analyses. Problems associated with multicollinearity include entanglement of relative influences of variables due to reduced precision of estimation,…

A constrained component analysis method, which bears a formal resemblance to the confirmatory factor analysis methods developed by K. G. Joreskog (1969) and others, is presented. In confirmatory factor analysis, the constraints allow the testing of formally structural hypotheses within a model that is falsifiable, even in its "just…

Each of the four classic multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) tests of statistical significance may lead a researcher to different decisions as to whether a null hypothesis should be rejected: (1) Wilks' lambda; (2) Lawley-Hotelling trace criterion; (3) Roy's greatest characteristic root criterion; and (4) Pillai's trace criterion. These…

An experimental test battery (the Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation battery) designed to measure numerical facility was administered to 1,451 subjects at 12 testing centers across the United States over a 5-month period. Five work samples were included: (1) arithmetic; (2) counting backwards; (3) number reasoning; (4) rule learning; and (5)…

The initial form of the Coping with Death Scale consisted of 30 items designed to obtain responses arranged along a seven-point Likert-type scale. Each item on the scale was derived from personal responses of students who completed a death and dying seminar. The items appeared to fall into two categories: coping with self and coping with others.…

A questionnaire was constructed for the purpose of investigating various aspects of the career choices made by graduate students. The research was to determine the underlying structure of the questionnaire and to compare the capability of nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and linear factor analysis (FA) to reveal dimensions measured by the…

This report examines the construct validity of the Ball Aptitude Battery (BAB), a multiple ability test battery designed to measure aptitudes related to successful work behavior. Construct validation has focused attention on the role of psychological theory and on the need to formulate hypotheses that can be examined in the validation process.…

The purpose of the present investigation is to examine the influence of sample size (N) and model complexity on a set of 23 goodness-of-fit (GOF) indices, including those typically used in confirmatory factor analysis. The focus was on two potential problems in assessing GOF: (1) some fit indices are substantially influenced by N so that tests of…

This study was undertaken to compare non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and factor analysis (FA) as means of assessing dimensionality in relation to item response theory (IRT). FA assesses correlation matrices, while MDS performs an analysis of proximity measures. Seven data sets were generated; each differed from the others with respect to…

Theories of empowerment propose how individuals can increase their personal, interpersonal, and political power in order to take action to improve their lives. Empowerment requires development of a new self-concept composed of three mutually reinforcing cognitive components: (1) group identification; (2) stratum consciousness; and (3) self- and…

Measures of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB) were factor analyzed with subtests of the Halstead Category Test (HCT) for 277 9-year-old learning disabled subjects. Eight factors with eigenvalues greater than one were rotated to a final solution that accounted for 67.9 percent of the total variance. HCT-Subtest 1 loaded…

Because marriage and family counselors need to examine all areas of a marital relationship, a study was undertaken to investigate several parts of a marital relationship using the Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI). Participants (N=495) who were engaged in conjoint marital counseling, completed the MSI, a self-reporting measure with 280…

As useful as LISREL may be in model estimation and testing, its most significant contribution to date is the encouragement and example it gives for right thinking about research and right planning of research. The encouragement to hypothesize the best possible model for the process that is the object of study, and to plan measurements that…

Outdoor leaders have an opportunity to promote and facilitate a bond with the out- of-doors, yet little research has been conducted to describe the evolving relationships between outdoor leaders and the natural environments with which they come into contact. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of outdoor leaders toward the…