Conducted a meta-analysis of 46 studies addressing the validity of classifying poor readers by the discrepancy between IQ and reading skills. Children who are poor readers but do not display such a discrepancy are not eligible for special education under the learning disability category. Results provide little evidence in support of the validity…

Presents a review and meta-analytic summary of existing studies of metaphor's persuasive effects. Indicates that metaphor appears to exert a small effect on perceptions of source dynamism, but shows no demonstrable impact on competence or character. Concludes that the superior organization explanation of metaphor's persuasive impact was most…

Synthesizes studies categorized by medical specialties and using the following instruments into the Five Factor Model of personality: Adjective Check List, California Psychological Inventory, 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Suggests a loose association between personalty factors and medical specialties and…

Presents results of a meta-analysis of studies that compare drug prevention programs led by peers to the same program led by adults. Overall, peer-led programs were found to be somewhat more effective than adult-led programs. It is concluded that the effectiveness of a prevention program is determined by several characteristics of the program.…

Describes the development of an integrative theoretical model of children's fears that provides a comprehensive view of the normal development of fear. Model components are individual characteristics, fear stimuli, arousal, fear, coping, and adaptation. Suggestions for using the model are presented. (Author)

It is contended that this book's conceptually rigorous and complete treatment of meta-analysis is written with the consumer in mind. Some of the models presented are not appropriate for studies that meta-analyses commonly consider. Sampling issues are not covered adequately, and much of the supporting theory is omitted. (SLD)

Presents findings of metaanalysis of research on effectiveness of social work practice in mental health, including practice in outpatient settings and analysis of studies evaluating interventions for chronically mentally ill. Discusses practice and research implications. (Author/ABL)

A meta-analysis was conducted of 22 studies in which verbal stimuli were used as targets in episodic memory tasks. Of the 24 comparisons, 21 supported the hypothesis that these tasks require self-initiated operations and display a gradation of age-related deficits. (SK)

Summarizes the literature examining the association between acceptance of rape myths and exposure to pornography. States that nonexperimental methodology shows that exposure to pornography does not increase rape myth acceptance, while experimental studies show that exposure to pornography increases rape myth acceptance. Concludes that experimental…

The relative impacts of cooperative and competitive efforts on problem-solving success were explored in a review of 46 studies. Findings from these studies were categorized by problem-solving type and subjected to a meta-analysis. Members of cooperative teams outperformed competitive individuals on the identified types of problem solving. (SLD)

Discusses the evaluation of moderator variables in meta-analysis: (1) issues in testing theory using moderator variables; (2) when to look for moderators; (3) how not to look for moderators; and (4) how to look for moderators using contrast analysis. (SR)

Highlights some of the limitations of meta-analytic knowledge claims. Illustrates their problematic consequences for later research. Details effective methods of dealing with these potential problems. (SR)

The use of meta-analysis to resolve issues in the fields of organizational behavior and human resources management was reviewed by coding 35 studies on 21 methodological variables. Results illustrate the tremendous variability in how researchers apply meta-analysis. Suggestions are provided for correctly using meta-analysis. (SLD)

Reviewed all English-language studies (14 foreign and 17 American) on campus student suicides. Only four single-site studies had higher suicide rate than comparable populations. Multiple-site collaborative studies done in U.S. since 1960 strongly suggest campus student suicide rate significantly less than in matched control population. (Author/NB)

Study 1 analyzed 68 studies, identifying three constructs: workplace stressors, strains, and social support. In study 2, models of social support in the workplace were tested, finding that social support reduced strains, mitigated perceived stressors, and moderated the relationship between stressors and strain. (SK)