BECAUSE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLOR IN PICTORIAL INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WAS INDETERMINATE, 5 EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO INVESTIGATE EFFECTS OF COLOR CUE RELEVANCE (DEFINED AS A CORRELATION OVER TRIALS BETWEEN PRESENTATION OF A GIVEN STIMULUS CUE AND REINFORCEMENT OF A PARTICULAR RESPONSE) ON PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING. OTHER INDEPENDENT VARIABLES…

WITHIN THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING, THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES THE LINGUISTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STUDY OF GRAMMAR AND UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR, AND HOW THIS RELATIONSHIP CORRELATES WITH THE MECHANISMS OF HUMAN PERCEPTION AND LEARNING. HE EMPHASIZES THAT LANGUAGE IS NEITHER ENTIRELY INNOVATIVE NOR A "HABIT STRUCTURE," BUT RATHER IS…

TWO EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF POSTFEEDBACK (POST-IF) INTERVALS OF DIFFERENT LENGTHS ON OVERALL PERFORMANCE IN CONCEPT IDENTIFICATION PROBLEMS. THE POST-IF INTERVAL REPRESENTS THE TIME BETWEEN PRESENTATION OF INFORMATIVE FEEDBACK ON ONE TRIAL AND THE ONSET OF THE NEXT STIMULUS PATTERN. THE EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO…

PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION, A TEACHING METHOD WHICH INCORPORATES (1) A DETAILED SPECIFICATION OF TERMINAL BEHAVIOR, (2) A CAREFUL SEQUENCING OF THE MATERIAL INTO GRADED STEPS, AND (3) THE REINFORCEMENT OF STUDENT RESPONSE, WORKS MORE FAVORABLY IN CERTAIN INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA THAN IN OTHERS. CARROLL AND SKINNER BELIEVE THAT SUCCESS IN PROGRAMED…

A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE ROLE OF NONINTELLECTIVE FACTORS IN LEARNING WAS CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY AREAS OF NEEDED RESEARCH. STUDIES WERE REVIEWED WHICH WERE CONSIDERED ILLUSTRATIVE OF PREVIOUS ATTEMPTS TO ASSESS NONINTELLECTIVE FACTORS IN A VARIETY OF LEARNING SITUATIONS. BASIC TO THE SYNTHESIS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS FROM THE REVIEW WAS A…

The fundamental shifts in thinking about communication theory and research that are suggested in the hermeneutic writing made available during the last decade are reviewed in this paper. The issues reviewed include a consideration of hermeneutics as a philosophy of social science, the modern conception of textuality, and the status of interpretive…

The report contains a description and summary of computer augmented learning devices and systems. The devices are of two general types programed instruction systems based on the teaching machines pioneered by Pressey and developed by Skinner, and the so-called "docile" systems that permit greater user-direction with the computer under student…

The author proposes his theory on language learning: "...children learn pitch, stress, and juncture along with the more individual voice patterns which we might call tone, much earlier and more easily than they learn segmental phonemes and morphemes." This theory, which the author feels gains some confirmation from the learning processes of…

Listed here are more than 200 published and unpublished articles, books, papers, reviews, and other documents by John B. Carroll, covering the period 1938 - 1968. Among the many topics represented here are titles in the fields of educational psychology, programmed instruction, psycholinguistics (especially as applied to second language learning),…

The classic mnemonic for learning serial lists, the method of loci, and its modern counterpart, the peg system, were compared by having subjects learn three 20-item serial lists. In addition to the type of mnemonic training, list imagery was either high (rated 6-7) or medium (rated 4-5), and instructions were either progressive elaboration (e.g.,…

The AFOSR research plan calls for fundamental studies in human learning and performance that would provide the foundations for general laws of learning applicable to Air Force problems. The report describes gaps in research that should be eliminated by investigations in specific fields. Studies of individual and group differences in aptitude and…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of underlining on material which subjects were expected to learn. The subjects were 120 female undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory psychology course. All subjects were presented with a booklet containing instructions on the first page followed by a passage of approximately 700…

POLYFACT is a learning program that attempts to factor multivariable polynomials. The program has been successful in factoring polynomials (in simplified form) with a maximum of 84 terms, each term consisting of as many as five variables and a maximum degree of 67. The complexity of this learning task placed unusual requirements on the…

Structural coherence (SC) and discriminability were the two variables in this study of information displays. Discriminability refers to the obvious differences between words and pictures; SC is the degree to which elements of a display appear as integrated. The study presented the items to be learned in verbal or pictorial form, with the degree of…

Five psychologists who have approached the study of learning from different points of view were asked to prepare statements which examined their areas of interest for empirically-based knowledge of relevance to learning as found in the classroom. They presented their viewpoints at a symposium sponsored by Phi Delta Kappa. This book presents the…