Schema theories have proposed that comprehension results from the activation of generalized knowledge structures, called schemata, stored in memory. These schemata represent abstract conceptual models of reality that children construct in their minds on the basis of their experience in the world. Unfortunately the comprehension of literature…

Arguing that to consider only the writer's mental processes is an intellectualist view of the composing process that does not present a fully human way of knowing, this paper takes the position that the writer is more than a mind at work and that an account of the writer as knower must include a consideration of the interaction between mind and…

Information processing models indicate that learning occurs in the interaction of three systems: perceptual (receiving information), memory (selective storing of information), and performance (using the processed information). The three systems working together affect each other and together demonstrate learning. Reading, then, is the organization…

This is one of a series that is a collection of translations from the extensive Soviet literature of the past 25 years on research in the psychology of mathematics instruction. It also includes works on methods of teaching mathematics directly influenced by the psychological research. Selected papers and books considered to be of value to the…

Human information processing is analyzed in terms of eight fundamental concepts: procedures, operations on procedures, frames, planning language or meta-language, heuristics, knowledge in other forms, critics, and pointers. Examples of this processing are given. (MK)

A study of the relationship between the quantity of writing assignments and writing apprehension involved 352 college students enrolled in 20 classes in eight discipline areas. Writing apprehension was measured by using the Daly-Miller writing apprehension inventory as a pretest and posttest. Tasks involving learning-centered writing (writing…

Children's learning from television was studied in 343 fourth, sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students who viewed an edited version of a television program and took a posttest. It was hypothesized that children would learn more plot-relevant information (central learning material) as they moved from concrete operational to formal operational…

Based on the assumption that the design of instruction and the selection of technological supports can be based upon psychological understandings of what makes for a meaningful learning experience, this paper examines meaning in the context of two propositions about the nature of motivation and memory, and explores ways in which instructional…

Reported is a study to assess the Piagetian level of performance of males and females on two manipulative tasks of concrete and formal reasoning abilities and a written examination of concrete and formal reasoning abilities. Sixty-two high school students, 31 males and 31 females, were randomly selected from a biology course at Delphi High School…

TO UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF MATURITY AN ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ADULT EDUCATION, THE LITERATURE ON THE LINKAGE THEORY WAS EXAMINED AND BASIC IDEAS ABOUT LINKAGES WERE FORMULATED. THE SIX LINKAGES SUGGESTED BY H.A. OVERSTREET IN "THE MATURE MIND" (KNOWLEDGE, RESPONSIBILITY, COMMUNICATION, MATURE SEXUALITY, EMPATHY, AND PHILOSOPHY) SEEM TO BE MAJOR…

FOURTEEN EFFORTS TO ORGANIZE AVAILABLE INFORMATION ON HUMAN LEARNING, TRANSFER, AND RETENTION ARE SUMMARIZED AND EVALUATED ON SIX CRITERIA--BEHAVIORAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CATEGORIES, SCOPE, OBJECTIVITY AND RELIABILITY OF CATEGORIES, PROGNOSIS FOR THE SYSTEM, LOGICAL STRUCTURE, AND HEURISTIC VALUE OF THE SYSTEM. ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO OTHER SOURCES OF…

THE THEORY AND THE RESEARCH RELEVANT TO INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN ARE DISCUSSED IN THIS PAPER, A CHAPTER FROM THE 65TH YEARBOOK OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF EDUCATION, PART II. GENERALIZATION, CONCEPT FORMATION, AND "PROCESS" OBJECTIVES ARE DISCUSSED IN A SECTION DEVOTED TO THE ANALYSIS OF SUBJECT-MATTER OBJECTIVES OF INSTRUCTION.…

Much of the current research in reading processes has been aided by movements in experimental psychology known as information processing psychology, cognitive psychology, and cognitive science. The information processing movement has contributed three important ideas: (1) Logogen theory of a cognitive response unit that is sensitive to the set of…

This paper provides an overview of the cognitive process analysis of tasks used to measure aptitude and intelligence. As an illustration of this approach, performance on inductive reasoning tasks such as series extrapolation and analogy problems is considered in terms of the factors that contribute to item difficulty and individual differences in…

The two papers in this report explore the dimensions of the idea of adulthood as a period of continuing change and learning, and their implications for adult education. In the first paper, Harry Lasker and James Moore review the major works on adult psychological, intellectual, and moral development. They describe the major stage theories posed by…