A 40-item free response test on signed-number subtraction was administered to 172 eighth graders. Their responses are viewed as consisting of two different components, the sign and absolute value. Each component is scored zero for wrong or one for correct, yielding a score of one only when both components have scores of one. By taking the values…

This paper is the second of a series of three which attempt to integrate categories of description aimed at characterizing the experience of learning in terms of the logical relationships that exist between them. The description of the qualitatively different ways in which various aspects of reality are experienced and conceptualized, and the…

This review of the relationship between experiential education and intellectual development/academic learning is organized as follows: first, the theoretical arguments are presented, followed by a review of recent related research. It focuses primarily on experiential education for secondary students, though research on college-level programs is…

The results of three projects concerned with auditory word recognition and the structure of the lexicon are reported in this paper. The first project described was designed to test experimentally several specific predictions derived from MACS, a simulation model of the Cohort Theory of word recognition. The second project description provides the…

Characterizes intelligence in terms of learning processes and uses the concepts and methods of other disciplines to understand how the conditions responsible for the development of its constituent processes and the manner of their organization lead to variations in effectiveness of intellectual functioning. (Author/JM)

This article discusses the appropriateness to the high school curriculum of the content, methods, perspectives, and concepts of sociology. It interprets research on cognitive and moral development to suggest that curriculum should be designed to provide occasions and stimulation to those students who are ready or reaching for growth in…

In a study, few subjects accepted empirical evidence of nonconservation of discontinuous quantity and weight. These findings were interpreted as support for the organismic-developmental claim that lower forms of reasoning are transformed into structurally more advanced forms. (Author/ED)

This paper addresses the construct of motivation as it relates to learning. Questions that will be discussed are (a) What is motivation, (b), how can motivation be incorporated in the instructional design process, and finally, (c) what motivational techniques have been used successfully in e-learning settings? Some general background information…

Ways in which parents, the media and commercial educational materials contribute to the development of erroneous number concepts in pre-school children are identified. Cautions against these practices are suggested which include the use of more than one set of numerals for representing numbers. (JP)

Content analysis of connected instructional discourse depends on the fundamental distinction between the content to be learned ("intrinsic") and the content intended only to support the learning processes ("mathemagenic"). Depending on the expected outcome of learning and the learner's entering competencies, the nature and…

In this paper, a theory of the academic achievement process of learning is proposed. Learning is seen as the outcome of the utilization of learning opportunities created in the teaching process by students themselves. These students are characterized by a certain level of ability and effort. The theory is first formulated in a single equation…

The author attempts to develop a theory of learning to account for complex human learning using early reading as an example. (HMD)

Explains two approaches for stimulating the intellectual development of the student from the concrete to formal operations level. One method involves experimentation and critique during which the student deduces the principle. The second involves a lecture approach that utilizes the creation of the discrepant event. (GS)

Reports a study designed to test the following hypotheses: "Each student teacher has developed a philosophical position and manifests it in his teaching. The range of philosophical positions among student teachers is limited because of the interaction between personality types. Teaching styles and career choice operates in a restrictive way."…