The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of instruction using Dienes' perceptual variability principles on primitive generalization and mathematical generalization. The following was studied: the effect of achievement-to-criterion on one, two, or three non-symbolic embodiments of an objective using a selected class of variables on the…

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of instruction using Dienes' perceptual variability principle on the development of ability to operate with symbols in a meaningful way. The following was studied: whether an increase in the number of enactive and/or iconic embodiments of a concept utilized in an instructional episode will produce…

Two studies were designed to identify two learning styles. Study I looked at the effect of the analytic-global cognitive style on the acquisition of three geometry concepts presented through written lessons which did or did not contain verbal emphasis of relevant attributes. A total of 108 analytic and global seventh grade students were identified…

Studies of the interactions within the Carroll model of learning, in which degree of learning is considered a function of the ratio of time spent to time needed, are described and evaluated. Evidence in previous research, which focused on the interaction of quality of instruction and ability to understand instruction on degree of learning, time…

Piagetian conservation tasks in relation to standard intelligence tests with mildly mentally retarded students from different ethnic groups were investigated. Seventy-five boys between the ages of 10 and 15, who scored between 65 and 80 on the WISC, were studied. Elkind's procedures for conservation of substance, weight, and volume were used.…

Von Humboldt wrote in 1836 that "....one cannot really teach language but can only present the conditions under which it will develop spontaneously in the mind in its own way..." The author critically illustrates his reasons for supporting this theory of language learning. Concluding remarks summarize advantages and disadvantages of using…

Abstracts of papers presented to the 45th Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching are arranged according to the topic for the session at which they were presented. Series of sessions were devoted to test and instrument development, evaluation, learning theory, verbal behavior, instructional methods and…

A major problem encountered by both teachers and authors of instructional materials is the sequencing of instructional activities. A review of the literature is given and it is pointed out that there is substantial evidence to support the general theory of the hierarchical structure of knowledge. A learning hierarchy for the computational skills…

This monograph focuses on the influence of meaning theory on elementary school mathematics programs and on mathematics instruction. Theories of arithmetic instruction up through 1935 are described, and the philosophy of meaning theory, contributions and discussions by mathematics educators, and applications to actual instruction are delineated for…

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of presenting a well structured time-telling program to children at the K-3 level. Twenty classes in two schools (two experimental and three control groups for each grade) participated in the study. Experimental group teachers were selected on three effectiveness criteria, and pretest,…

A theory of learning and forgetting is proposed which uses an information processing (IP) model. The IP model views learning as a process of storing, retrieving, and outputing information from a permanent memory. The concept of information pattern is important to the IP model because the pattern of information determines how the information will…

A DISCUSSION OF THE GENERAL PHILOSOPHY AND PRINCIPLES OF SCIENCE EDUCATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO LABORATORY WORK AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF SCIENCE TEACHING ARE PRESENTED. THE DISCUSSION OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES INCLUDES SUCH TOPICS AS (1) THE PURPOSE OF THE LABORATORY IN SCIENCE TEACHING, (2) THE NATURE OF THE CURRENT SCIENTIFIC…

In two experiments, college students who supplied the last words of sentences they read learned more than subjects who simply read whole sentences. This facilitation was observed even with a list of sentences which were almost always completed with the wrong words. However, proactive interference attributable to acquisition errors appeared on…

Two sets of cognitive premises are identified. An attempt is made to state the premises of each set precisely, to draw conclusions, and to explore their implications for curriculum construction. The perspective is that of cognitive psychology, and the idea is to connect certain definite curriculum arrangements to stated cognitive premises. The…

The article describes creative ways to interest children in mathematics. (CD)