This study investigated the effectiveness of finger mathematics with elementary pupils in second grade. The sample consisted of 56 pupils located in a lower socioeconomic area of Chicago. Half the pupils were taught using the finger method; the other half experienced the traditional textbook paper-and-pencil method. The results indicated that…

In 1979, the Yonkers Public School district (New York) launched a project to design and implement secondary school language arts curriculum guides with an emphasis on written composition. A theoretical framework was developed, based on the work of James Britton and the philosophy of the Bay Area Writing Project (BAWP). Britton's work provided the…

This review of two distinct areas of research--brain research and psycho-epistemology--indicates a possible link between the two which may potentially help to identify an as yet unknown molar trait which could be responsible for divergent opinions regarding teaching and learning theories, and may help to explain differential achievement when these…

Presented is an introduction to the operation and mechanics of the ACTP production system, a version of Anderson's (1976) ACT system. ACTP is already in use modeling geometry theorem proving and counting of a set of objects, and has been identified as a potentially useful programing framework for developing models of the cognitive processes used…

This document provides a discussion of the relationships in Individually Guided Education (IGE) schools between the organizational and instructional features of schools and the mathematics achievement of second- and fifth-grade students. The theoretical positions that are part of the IGE model--some of them explicit and some of them implicit but…

An experiment was conducted in which the story schema, an idealized representation of the parts of a typical story and the relationship among those parts, was derived inductively by examining a large number of actual published stories to extract their common properties. In addition to developing a schema that simultaneously defines the essential…

This report surveys many of the recent investigations on calculators and their use in mathematics education. The review notes that the widespread availability of hand-held calculators and their affordability has led to their consideration as a viable tool to aid in mathematics instruction. The studies reviewed suggest that many questions are still…

The project described resulted in the development of a college course designed to acquaint students with some basic learning theories and principles and their application as they apply to reading, listening, and viewing educational media materials. Objectives, course outline, methods, bibliography, basic requirements, and evaluation procedures are…

In its relatively short history, instructional development has been greatly influenced by operant conditioning theory and methodology. This approach has been described by some as simplistic, inhuman, and inflexible. The humanistic approach, on the other hand, focuses on affective, emotional, and intellectual learning experiences. But it seems to…

This report contains a variety of material. There is first a brief summary of work done under the contract. This is followed by a detailed outline of a graduate seminar entitled "Modern Topics in Measurement and Scaling III." The six major divisions are: (1) introduction and philosophy of measurement; (2) mathematical and axiomatic foundations of…

In an investigation of the degree to which children learn associations in the direction opposite to the one in which they were taught, 20 preschool children were instructed in letter-sound correspondences in one of two ways. One group was presented with the letter symbol and asked to produce the sound, while the other group was presented with the…

Piaget's theory that distinct stages in the organization of memory correspond to successive stages in cognitive development was tested using 150 eighth graders. Cognitive levels were assessed with Inhelder and Piaget's balance beam task, initially, and again at seven months. Mnemonic levels were assessed with Piaget and Inhelder's memory of an…

The use of the term "strategy" in second language communication is discussed, and a typology of communication strategies is presented. Communication strategies are those systematic devices a second language learner uses in attempting to express precise meaning in the target language. Definitions of learning strategies and communication strategies…

THIS STUDY SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY THOSE PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS WHICH PRODUCE MAXIMUM LEARNING WITH SELF-TUTORING DEVICES. AIMS OF THE 2-YEAR PROJECT WERE (1) TO DEVELOP PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING SUBJECT MATTER FOR CONVERTING IT INTO PROGRAMED LEARNING SEQUENCES, AND (2) TO CARRY OUT EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISONS BETWEEN SELECTED VARIATIONS OF PROGRAMED…

SOON IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO REDUCE TO A TECHNOLOGY THE CONSTRUCTION OF MATERIALS FOR THE PRINTED COMMUNICATION SKILL IN FIRST GRADE. THIS TECHNOLOGY REQUIRES A DATA BASE, A HUGE MATRIX OF S-R FUNCTIONS THAT PLOT THE EFFECT OF A STIMULUS-DIMENSION UPON A READING RESPONSE. A CONSIDERABLE PORTION OF THE DATA BASE CAN BE PROVIDED BY REPLICATING…