This issue of Investigations in Science Education (ISE) provides analytical abstracts, prepared by science educators, of research reports in the areas of learning theories, concept learning, and teacher behaviors and attitudes. Each abstract includes bibliographical data, research design and procedure, purpose, research rationale, and an…

This document briefly critiques some of the basic theories upon which art education studies are often based, summarizes the research generalizations that may be made at this time, and reviews pertinent experiments that hold promise for future research. The Haptic-Visual Theory of Perceptual Development (Lowenfeld, 1957), the Differentiation Theory…

It sometimes happens that one is unable to recall a word or name that he feels he knows very well. This state of frustrated recall is referred to as a tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experience. Two experiments were devised to compare the ability of a weak trace and a decoding-failure model to predict the conditions under which TOT reports would be most…

Many professors of mass media and society courses have relied on a teaching model implying that students are sponges soaking up information. A more appropriate model invites concern with an active audience, transaction, the interpersonal mass media mix, a general systems approach, and process and change--in other words, utilization of current and…

This study applied a frequency theory to measure the superiority of pictures over words in both discrimination learning and recognition memory tasks. Three groups of sixth grade students were given separate instructions before viewing slides of either common objects or words. The first group (control) was asked to study the items shown, the second…

This volume contains a series of papers on algorithmic learning. Included are six reviews of research pertaining to various aspects of algorithmic learning, six reports of pilot experiments in this area, a theoretical discussion of "The Conditions for Algorithmic Imagination," and an annotated bibliography. All the papers assume a common…

The role of museums in educational programs is described in this study and literature review. It collects, describes, and evaluates the museum's acceptance, use, and impact of psychological learning theories within educational programs. The study reports that most museums can give only a portion of their time, space, and imagination to educational…

Following guidelines established in previous summaries of research, this review for the year 1974 portrays "the state of knowledge in science education, describes any existing trends, identifies areas which need to be researched, and provides tentative answers to persistent problems, if any seem to emerge from the research." Accordingly, research…

The manual is intended for use as a practical guide to selecting teaching strategies. Based on compiled research findings, published methodological suggestions, and ideas related to the teaching-learning process, the manual consolidates a review of the results of major research into simplified principles and instructional strategies to be utilized…

In order to examine the success of various teaching methods on community college students currently incarcerated in Delaware County Prison, Kings County Prison, and Leesburg State Prison, a questionnaire was designed and administered to student inmates and their instructors, who were faculty members of three different community colleges in the…

This study was performed in order to test the author's notion that advance organizers operate because (1) they provide stable anchorage for concepts to be learned and (2) in order to operate they must be relatable by the student to the new material. To test this hypothesis the author constructed materials for each of ten treatments as defined by…

Piaget's developmental theory is discussed and several research findings that involve Piaget's theories are reported. The understanding of reasoning patterns is presented as a means for the science teacher to identify the conceptual emphasis and demands of the subject matter and to help students develop more advanced reasoning patterns than they…

Hypotheses derived from Hull-Spence learning theory were tested in an investigation of the interactions of anxiety, intelligence, and classroom structure. After pretesting using the Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test and the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS), the 324 sixth graders and seventh graders were assigned to one of the eight…

In this paper two questions are raised: (1) Is there any meaning to current research? (2) Is meaning important to the language acquisition process? It is necessary to explore the nature of research in general to evaluate what kind of research we are doing. This leads us to consider next the content of research on human learning and on the…

Adaptive behavior is defined as behavior where a system adapts itself to the requirements of the environment, and adapting behavior, where the system changes the environment to suit itself using a variety of tools. A wide variety of possible mixtures of both also becomes evident. The result of economic affluence is viewed as such "adapting…