This paper begins with a discussion of the meaning and importance of error analysis in language teaching and learning. The practical implications of what error analysis is for the classroom teacher are discussed, along with several possible systems for classifying learner errors. The need for the language teacher to establish certain priorities in…

An "in-progress" grade concept was added to the grading policy of Harrisburg Area Community College (Pennsylvania) in November 1971. The "in-progress" grade, or Y grade as it is designated, signifies that a student has not successfully passed a course, but that with the agreement of the instructor he/she will repeat the course…

Implicit in the discussion of views taken by Wolfe, Geschwind, and Newmark is a claim that no learning theory based solely on "nurture" can account for the fact that language acquisition in childhood is a trait, in adulthood a skill. The child can master the language system completely, regardless of his intellectual capacity or his social…

Based on the idea that mastery of reading is a complex problem to be solved by a child, the author discusses the learning-to-read process as a series of discoveries of solutions to subproblems, all of which are then ordered into a total system. As a child's attempted solutions approximate more closely the reality of each aspect of the reading…

Teachers' concern with the "what" of reading has clouded the issue of the "how" of reading. Knowledge of how a child goes about particular reading tasks may give clues to the difficulties he is encountering. Work with disabled readers during three phases of behavior--(1) before the breakthrough in acquiring a reading process, (2) at the time of…

An attempt was made to develop human-like behavior in the computer. A theory of the human learning process was described. A computer game was presented which simulated the human capabilities of reasoning and learning. The program was required to make intelligent decisions based on past experiences and critical analysis of the present situation.…

During the spring 1970 semester at Meramec Community College, 28 students participated in an experimental program of supervised, self-directed learning. This program grew out of the belief that community colleges were not meeting the needs of students with widely varied backgrounds. Questionnaires were distributed to the students and instructors…

This paper discusses the course "Change in Schools" taught at the University of Pittsburgh, spring, 1969. Both masters and doctoral candidates were enrolled. Objectives of the course were sent to the students before the spring session began. One objective required the students to do a detailed analysis of several common supervisory/curriculum…

The series "Soviet Studies in the Psychology of Learning and Teaching Mathematics" is a collection of translations from the Soviet literature of the past twenty-five years on research in the psychology of mathematical instruction. Also included are works on methods of teaching mathematics directly influenced by this research. The aim of…

The extent to which semantic differential ratings of trigrams remain consistent over a four-week retention period following pairing with positive or negative attitudinal words was determined. The trigrams initially served as stimulus items in a paired associate list consisting of both positive and negative evaluative response terms; and rating and…

In this study, one hundred 3- to 5-year-olds were selected for reading instruction during regular 12- to 30-minute periods for 4 to 6 months. The program was ordered to establish a high level of sustained daily control over the attentional and motivational processes of the children. Learning tasks were designed to facilitate the child's grasp of…

Specific instruction refers to the teacher's knowing (a) what to teach and when, (b) what not to teach and why, and (c) when to let the preoperational child be "wrong." This paper is in agreement with Bereiter's criticism of Kohlberg's conclusion against specific instruction but suggests that Bereiter's argument should be developed into…

In this study, representational thought, which involves the child's ability to function in terms of nonpresent reality, is viewed within a cognitive-developmental framework. To see if disadvantaged children would function in the same way as advantaged children on tasks which required representational thought rather than verbalization, children…

After opening with a 13-page review of the literature, the document's main emphasis is on the three experiments included in this report. The specific rationale, procedures, and results of the three studies comprise the major portion of the document. The general purpose of Experiment 1 was to ascertain the effects of prior relevant subject matter…

Reported is a study to relate pupils' experience background and the effects of an advance organizer to his ability to understand scientific concepts. The study is based on Ausubel's subsumption theory, which states that the understanding of new learning material can be facilitated if the student has some background information which subsumes the…