To study the effects of task and sample variation upon paired-associates (PA) performance, six third-grade and six sixth-grade classes in two urban schools were tested on two PA tasks, one pairing pictures of familiar objects (PA-CF), the other pairing nonsense syllables with Japanese "kanji" (PA-K). Hypotheses tested were: (1) Mean level of…

Several concepts and techniques used to design computer simulation of human performance were employed in developing an information processing approach to task analysis. This new approach is compared and contrasted with Gagne's hierarchical task analysis model. Two conceptual levels of a behavioral objective are identified. One level, referred to…

A study on individual differences in problem solving approach and their relationships to various learning-related parameters was conducted with a random sample of 25 subjects enrolled in an introductory physics course utilizing instruction through audio-tutorial methods. The subjects received interviews consisting of four problems in energy…

This paper has reviewed research in "modeling" or observational learning that supports basic elements of social learning theory. The authors point out that past modeling research has not taken into account subjects' self-evaluation and task competence as factors possibly mediating the acquisition and performance of behavior. Social comparison,…

Fourteen papers that were presented at an NCTM-sponsored conference on Piagetian research are included in this document. Topics covered include explanations of Piaget's developmental theory and descriptions of studies concerned with the development and growth of the mathematical concepts of proof, logical operations, functions, proportionality,…

The research summarized in this paper was conducted on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. The purpose of the developmental study was to explore the cognitive aspect of development rather than to explore the personality as a whole. The Clinical Exploratory Method of Piaget was employed, which focuses primarily upon an experimental…

A brief analysis of conceptual learning in adult education and some philosophical implications for the practitioner are presented. This review traces the intellectual and political growth in the adult education movement. It lists recent seminal studies in the field and presents a series of relatively non-technical interpretations. The analysis of…

A study was devised to investigate the effects of sequence of concept presentation and practice in a concept learning task. Learners were presented with either one conjunctive concept at a time, or with multiple concepts all related to the same principle. Practice was sequenced in four positions: before concept presentation, after concept…

A reading theory which distinguishes between reading as a passive recognition process and a cognitive participatory activity requiring active interpretation is discussed in this article. The method, considering reading as "thought and dialogue," stands in opposition to conditioned response theories basic to audiolingual methodology. It…

Papers presented at the Third Annual International Institute on the Community College are provided. In these papers, many facets of accountability are discussed: goal-setting, assumptions about learning, instructional modes, educational management practices, student development, instructional resources, and the systems approach. In addition, panel…

This study investigated whether collaborative and socially sensitive behaviors, necessary in group problem solving, can be taught to emotionally disturbed children in residential treatment centers. The sample consisted of 180 males ranging in age from nine through 12 years in 12 residential centers. The children were required to perform a…

In deciding what grammar should be taught, teachers of English as a second language can notice and record common errors (goofs) made by their students. It is possible to expose all types of goofs, state the rules to correct them, acquaint the teacher with the types of goofs made by persons from all over the world, and give them the grammar…

The history of instructional media research is marked by an emphasis on the use of the terminal performance to measure learning. Little attention has been paid to the processes of learning. However, some studies have identified cognitive strategies used in solving problems of concept identification. The task now is to find out the relationship of…

This study (N=160 males) examined the cognitive and behavioral effects of overt success feedback on subjects high and low in resultant achievement motivation (RAM). The cognitive effects of overt success feedback were investigated by requesting attributions to effort, ability, luck, and task difficulty concerning performance on a digit-symbol…

This paper reports on an experiment examining sex differences in the types and meanings of emotional responses to a particular projective test: May's deprivation/enhancement measure (D/E), which is seen as an index of gender identity. The measure consistently differentiates males and females, which May felt reflected both physiological and…