Jean Piaget's theory seems to lend support to reading specialists who believe that concrete operational thought constitutes a necessary and sufficient condition for learning to read. Preoperational children cannot deal with the complex relationships inherent in reading because they are tied perceptually to the immediate situation or…

This paper relates philosophical and psychological concerns in formulating a theory of teaching and learning. The laboratory exercise is shown to be a paradigm case of the theory, and a means by which students can be taught to think. The laboratory exercise is presented as a means to demonstrate a facet of the conceptual nature of science and to…

An information-processing assessment of the construct validity of aptitude tests is presented. It is stated that aptitude tests have been rather successful because they possess high construct validity, although the constructs in terms of which the tests may be most profitably understood are information-processing rather than psychometric ones. It…

In 1975, Richard Atkinson's keyword method was formally introduced. He described the method in the context of foreign language learning. However, it has been extended to the learning of other curricular content as well, such as cities, states, individuals and their accomplishments. In the present study, eighth-grade students were presented…

Widespread and rapid changes in society, leading to knowledge and skill obsolescence, have provided impetus for the concept of lifelong education. Learning is not confined to a particular period of life or to formal educational institutions, but is a set of attitudes and skills to be used throughout life and in a wide variety of situations. As…

The current status of conceptions of learning in children is reviewed and some areas of neglect are considered in this paper. The main premise is that although considerable strides have been made in the understanding of the learning process, essential developmental formulations of growth and change have been poorly articulated. It is suggested…

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALOGIES ARE DRAWN BETWEEN LEARNING THEORY AND PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION AS AN EXTENSION OF LIBERALIZED STIMULUS RESPONSE THEORY. IN THE FIRST EXPERIMENT ON INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING OF ATTITUDES, THE SUBJECTS READ AN OPINION TO BE LEARNED, FOLLOWED BY A SUPPORTING ARGUMENT ASSUMED TO FUNCTION AS A REINFORCER. THE TIME…

PAPERS BY TWO SPEAKERS ARE PRESENTED, TOGETHER WITH BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHIES (TOTALING 15 ITEMS) OF THEIR RECENT ARTICLES. "A PERSPECTIVE ON LEARNING DISABILITIES AND THE CONCEPT OF MOVEMENT EFFICIENCY" BY BARSCH, SURVEYS THE PROBLEM OF CLASSIFYING CHILDREN IN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS AND SUGGESTS THAT CLASSES FOR SPECIAL LEARNING DISABILITIES BE PART…

PAPERS CONCERNING (1) LEARNING AND METHODS OF INVESTIGATION, AND (2) CREATIVITY AND PRODUCTIVE THINKING ARE INCLUDED IN THIS NATIONAL SCIENCE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION PUBLICATION. IN THE PAPER THAT DEALS WITH LEARNING, A DEFINITION OF LEARNING AND A DESCRIPTION OF BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY ARE FOLLOWED BY A DISCUSSION OF DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULI AND…

THIS IS A COMPILATION OF ARTICLES DEALING WITH PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION AND AUTO-INSTRUCTIONAL DEVICES (TEACHING-MACHINES). THE LITERATURE IS REVIEWED AND AN OVERVIEW OF THE FIELD IS PRESENTED. THE APPLICATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND LEARNING THEORY TO TEACHING MACHINES IS DISCUSSED, AND THE PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PROGRAMING METHOD. SAMPLES…

THE DIFFERENCES AMONG CHILDREN IN THEIR USE OF SPECIFIC MODALITIES FOR LEARNING AND THE NECESSARY ESTABLISHMENT OF PERCEPTUAL BASES FOR CONCEPTUAL LEARNING ARE DISCUSSED. A MODEL IS PRESENTED WHICH EMPHASIZES THE MODALITY-BOUND NATURE OF INPUT AND OUTPUT, AND ELABORATES THE HIERARCHIAL BUT INTERRELATED NATURE OF THE MATURATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF…

THIS REPORT CONTAINS SEVEN PAPERS DEALING WITH COMPETENCIES NEEDED BY TEACHERS IN THE USE OF NEWER MEDIA. THEY ARE--(1) ROBERT HEINICH'S "THE TEACHER IN AN INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM," WHICH DEALS WITH SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND ITS ROLE IN THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS, (2) KENNETH NORBERG'S "THEORETICAL BACKGROUND REQUIRED BY TEACHERS IN THE USE OF NEWER…

AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO IDENTIFY AND CLASSIFY THE STRATEGIES OF INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS IN ATTAINING CONCEPTS AND TO RELATE THE VARIOUS STRATEGIES TO EFFICIENCY OF LEARNING. THE PROJECT, CONSISTING OF A SERIES OF 10 EXPERIMENTS, WAS CARRIED OUT OVER A 3-YEAR PERIOD. IN EACH SUCCESSIVE SEMESTER AND SUMMER SESSION, STUDENTS ENROLLED IN EDUCATIONAL…

AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO DEVELOP METHODS FOR OBSERVING AND MEASURING CURIOSITY IN CHILDREN. SPECIFICALLY, THE STUDY WAS DIRECTED TOWARD STIMULUS VARIABLES RELATED TO CURIOSITY AROUSAL, THE RELATIONSHIP OF AGE AND IQ TO INDEXES OF CURIOSITY, AND THE EFFECTS OF CURIOSITY ON LEARNING. SUBJECTS WERE APPROXIMATELY 30 CHILDREN FROM BOTH THE SECOND AND THE…

A mathematics unit for sixth-grade classes was developed in which each of eight activities contains a challenge conveyed in the form of a story. Each activity requires students to manipulate concrete materials such as ceramic tiles, marked string, wooden cubes, and square paper. The mathematical content consists of concepts such as area,…