This paper contains a description of the status of a project on student information processing responses that mediate teaching effects in classroom settings. The central activity of the project is the construction of a conceptual model that relates classroom task structures to student information processing and to subject-matter achievement. The…

In a study of the effects of pictorial stimuli on story recall, 64 second graders were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and two control groups. The learning materials consisted of two orally presented ten-sentence stories. The experimental subjects viewed pictures while the stories were read, and the control groups followed the printed…

This paper discusses strategies for teaching college composition, emphasizing "mechanical-meaningful-communicative" (M-M-C) sequencing. Under the M-M-C sequence, a student performs the following exercises: mechanical exercises, which build success in stimulus-response learning; meaningful exercises, which provide stimuli for problem-solving tasks;…

Three examples of teacher and student exchanges in mathematics classes are presented which typify the qualitative difference between children's thinking and adult's thinking. The cases explored also illustrate differences caused by cultural factors. (JP)

The use of counting for subtraction was investigated. Counting for subtraction is related to counting-on for addition and to four skills: the ability to use the subtrahend cardinality to gain entry into the count sequence, the ability to use the minuend cardinality to gain entry into the count sequence, the ability to use the count sequence to…

Strength of four-person protocols as contrasted with the clinical interview and two-person protocols are described in the following areas: identification of odd and idiosyncratic heuristics revealed through reflexive talk; generalizable results that emerge from prolonged discussion; and opportunities to study learning in small groups. The study…

Mathematics education research from fourteen studies is abstracted and critiqued in this publication. Six cover aspects of instructional practice, four deal with points in learning theory, two with problem solving, and one each with calculators and sex differences. Research in mathematics education as reported in CIJE and RIE from October to…

Twelve research reports related to mathematics education are abstracted and analyzed. Three of the reports deal with aspects of learning theory, two with student characteristics, and one each with calculators, problem solving, secondary mathematics curriculum changes in Australia, sex differences, teaching methods, and tutoring strategies. The…

The learning of word problems in mathematics is viewed as particularly difficult. The first paper in this report takes into consideration the semantic aspects of problems, by viewing the difficulties that children have solving two-step multiplication problems. An initial study was carried out with 36 children between the ages of nine and fourteen…

This analysis considers several major areas in which cognition research would seem to have pregnant implications for the conscious design of social studies texts and sketches the ways in which the structure of texts might be shaped if research were applied. The first area discussed is matching texts to significant user characterics. There are at…

This document contains the following titles: 1) Students' Use of Diagrams and Visuality in Mathematics; 2) Papua New Guinea University Student Attitudes to Mathematics; 3) Research on the Teaching of Problem Solving at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology: Retrospect and Prospect; 4) Adult Numeracy with a Calculator: Some Problems; 5) A…

A study investigated the theory that the affective dimension of words can have a significant effect on the process of word recognition. Specifically, the study examined whether word potency (the emotional impact of a word), frequency, and certain graphic characteristics affected word recognition in the parafoveal field under very brief exposure…

This study explored the relationship between classification achievements and mathematics scores. A series of 16 items which included many of the traditional tasks used in Piagetian examinations of intellectual function, were used in group presentations. Ten of these tasks required concrete operations including class inclusion, additive…

This investigation of the possible effects of using calculators in mathematics teaching was based on an analysis of the cognitive and affective aims of mathematics education in the nine-year comprehensive school in Finland attended by all children aged seven through fifteen. The experiment consisted of a comparison of two fourth-grade classes…