Students in a remedial resource room program were assigned spelling and vocabulary tasks under a goal-setting/no-goal-setting procedure to see if goal setting behaviors facilitate learning. Results supported Rotter's social learning theory and the use of unobtrusive goal-setting procedures in special education classes. (SJL)

Three experiments tested the application to art of an hypothesis from the concept attainment literature, that conceptual learning is enhanced by providing multiple examples prior to test trials. Subjects were given discrimination tasks involving surrealistic and non-surrealistic paintings. The feature abstraction model proved inadequate in this…

Reviews recent experimental and theoretical analyses of the relationship between level of processing and retention, and reports on two studies which tested predictions about the effects of orienting activities on retention. (AM)

This paper reports on the development of the article system in an adult's interlanguage over a one-year period. It compares the results of a conventional order-of-acquisition analysis with a paradigm model based on Bickerton (1975). (Author/CFM)

Examines the Monitor Model of adult second language acquisition, and presents an alternate model that avoids difficulties inherent in the Monitor Model and that corresponds to contemporary language development theory. (Author/AM)

Proposes that "curriculum" means the interaction between teacher, student, and content to promote optimum learning. Suggests a model of negotiation in the classroom that will facilitate learning, illustrating that model with a case study and a unit study plan. (RL)

In experiments where hypnotized subjects learned one word list while happy or sad, retention proved to be surprisingly independent of the congruence of learning and testing moods. Learning mood provided a helpful retrieval cue and differentiating context only where subjects learned two word lists, one while happy, one while sad. (EJS)

Discusses the nature of the internal representation of cognitive structure, the methodological problems involved in mapping it, and the proposed kinds of "maps." Reviews research on the organization of scientific concepts in semantic memory. (GA)

Investigates classification achievement in Thai and American children as well as children's classification achievement within cultures and across cultures at different age levels. One hundred and twenty American and Thai children from 6 to 11 years of age were randomly selected to participate in this study. (HM)

Utilizing Michael Polanyi's theory of knowledge as a framework, the author outlines an approach in which illiterate adults might increase their motivation and chances of success in developing reading skill. (EM)

The definition of hierarchical structure is reviewed, together with psychometric and experimental evidence regarding the existence of specific structures. A mathematical model including hierarchical and nonhierarchical options for a two component task is presented, along with an experimental design appropriate for testing the model and related…

Provides a review of research on scientific reasoning in persons between ages 14 and 18. For the application, the ability to separate variables or use the concept of "all other things being equal" is termed scientific reasoning. Over 50 studies are referenced. (CP)

Increasing availability of hand-held calculators in the student's world forces educators to take a hard look to see what course the schools should take in mathematics education. Planned research and development will be necessary in the next decade to explore a variety of options that schools may use. (Author/JP)